How is the depth of a tree defined?

• A) The number of only first horizontal layer within the tree
• B) The number of top nodes in the tree
• C) The number of nodes from root to leaf in the tree
• D) The number of only leaf nodes in the tree

If a transaction requests exclusive access to an item that is already locked with an exclusive lock, ___________.

• A) The request is granted immediately
• B) The additional access is denied
• C) The lock is shared with the requesting transaction
• D) The transaction is rolled back

A schema describes the ______ database structure used by the database software.

• A) complete
• B) external
• C) partial
• D) secondary

The new relation formed after a JOIN operation has attributes named by prefixing them with the __________.

• A) Original relation
• B) Relation of its origin
• C) First letter
• D) Arbitrary numbers

Shared access to a data item is allowed if the item is ___________.

• A) Locked with an exclusive lock
• B) Exclusively accessed by one transaction
• C) Unlocked or locked with a shared lock
• D) Locked with a shared lock only

What is a stack in the context of data structures?

• A) A list with entries arranged sequentially
• B) A list with entries inserted and removed only at the head
• C) A list with entries removed only at the tail
• D) A list of sounds recorded on a CD

How are addresses in a machine's main memory encoded and stored?

• A) As a 2-dimensional grid
• B) As a pair of rows and columns
• C) As numeric values
• D) As a cursor

What is the colloquial term for the head of a stack?

• A) Base
• B) End
• C) Top
• D) Bottom

Retrieving an employee's job history in an object-oriented database involves asking the __________ to report its job history.

• A) employee object
• B) manager
• C) DBMS
• D) network

The simplest form of array is the __________array.

• A) two-dimensional
• B) multi-dimensional
• C) one-dimensional
• D) all of above

In a list, what is the opposite end of the head called?

• A) Base
• B) Bottom
• C) Tail
• D) End

The beginning of a list is called the _______ of the list.

• A) tail
• B) head
• C) bob
• D) devon

_________ is used to combine different relations into one relation.

• A) JOIN
• B) SELECT
• C) PROJECT
• D) COMBINE

In a tree, what is the term for nodes at the other extreme, often called leaf nodes?

• A) Internal nodes
• B) Parent nodes
• C) Terminal nodes
• D) Root nodes

What are the items within an aggregate type usually called?

• A) Indices
• B) Fields
• C) Rows and columns
• D) Entries

To obtain information about an employee, the process of selecting the tuple with the appropriate identification attribute value results in a relation with __________ tuple(s).

• A) Single
• B) No
• C) Many
• D) Few

The issue known as ______ might occur if rolling back one transaction affects others and causes a chain reaction.

• A) transaction inconsistency
• B) deadlock
• C) cascading rollback
• D) transaction failure

One of the advantages of separating application software from the DBMS is to achieve __________, allowing changes in the database without modifying the application software.

• A) data independence
• B) networking
• C) data security
• D) user access control

The two common types of locks in a locking protocol are ___________ and ___________ locks.

• A) Primary, Secondary
• B) Static, Dynamic
• C) Shared, Exclusive
• D) Read, Write

What are the keywords used in the syntax for a SELECT operation?

• A) JOIN and GROUP BY
• B) UPDATE and WHERE
• C) SELECT and FROM
• D) INSERT and DELETE