MCQ Bank

PROLOG programs do not require explicit algorithms because they are based on declarative programming. The programmer provides facts and rules, and the inference engine determines the solution.

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Q201

The head and tail of a list in PROLOG is separated by:

A) Semicolon (;)
B) Colon (:)
C) Comma (,)
D) Vertical bar (|)

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, the vertical bar separates the head and tail parts of a list. It is used for both list construction and list decomposition.

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Q202

The unchanging information about objects and their relationships in PROLOG is known as:

A) Fact
B) Clause
C) Atom
D) Query

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, facts represent unchanging information about objects and their relationships. They form the knowledge base used by the inference engine.

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Q203

In the context of PROLOG language, which problem(s) may mostly occur in backward chaining algorithm?

A) Complexity
B) Readiness
C) Completeness
D) Repetition

AI Explanation

Backward chaining can encounter repetition problems because it may revisit the same goals multiple times during the search process. This can affect efficiency and performance.

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Q204

In the process of removing consecutive duplicates of list elements in PROLOG, the order of elements should:

A) be Reversed
B) be in alphabetical order
C) not be changed
D) be in reverse alphabetical order

AI Explanation

When removing consecutive duplicates from a PROLOG list, the relative order of the remaining elements should stay the same. Only repeated adjacent elements are eliminated.

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Q205

________ in PROLOG are loosely typed.

A) Variables
B) Records
C) Constants
D) Atoms

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, variables are loosely typed because their types are determined dynamically based on the values they represent. They do not require explicit type declarations before use.

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Q206

How many elements are in the following PROLOG list? [[a,list,of,lists], and, numbers,[1,2,3]]

A) 2
B) 4
C) 9
D) 6

AI Explanation

The list has four top-level elements: [a,list,of,lists], and, numbers, and [1,2,3]. Elements inside nested lists are not counted as separate top-level elements.

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Q207

The function that is used to remove all properties of a symbol in LISP is:

A) terminate-all
B) remprop
C) REMOVE
D) NULLP

AI Explanation

In LISP, the remprop function removes a specified property from a symbol's property list. It is used to delete properties associated with symbols.

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Q208

What is the objective of following statement in LISP?
>(setf (get 'w 'age) 20)

A) It sets the age property of symbol w as 20
B) It assigns value 20 to setf and gets the values of variables w and age
C) It simply sets the value of ‘get’, ‘w’ and ‘age’ as 20
D) It gets the age of symbol w and assigns it to setf after 20 milliseconds

AI Explanation

The LISP statement (setf (get 'w 'age) 20) assigns the value 20 to the age property of the symbol w. The get function accesses the property, and setf updates it.

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Q209

Which of the following programming language is very effective in solving complex puzzles?

A) C/C++
B) PROLOG
C) FORTRAN
D) ALGOL

AI Explanation

PROLOG is a logic programming language widely used for solving complex puzzles, theorem proving, and artificial intelligence problems. Its inference mechanism makes it suitable for these tasks.

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Q210

The property list in LISP is a substitute of _____________.

A) C/C++ structure
B) Compiler
C) C/C++ pointer
D) Java interfaces

AI Explanation

In LISP, a property list stores attributes and values associated with symbols. It serves a similar purpose to structures in C/C++ by grouping related information.

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Q211

To create a two-dimensional array in LISP, ________ index values are used.

A) Six
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

AI Explanation

A two-dimensional array in LISP requires two index values, one for each dimension. These indexes identify the row and column positions of elements.

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Q212

Prolog database is based upon __________.

A) Facts and queries
B) Facts and rules
C) Facts
D) Rules and queries

AI Explanation

A PROLOG database consists of facts and rules that represent knowledge about a problem domain. Queries are used to retrieve information from this database but are not stored as its foundation.

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Q213

Which of the following is a correct variable name in PROLOG?

A) marks
B) percentage
C) roll_No.
D) Age

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, variable names must begin with an uppercase letter or an underscore. Therefore, 'Age' is a valid variable name, while lowercase names are treated as atoms.

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Q214

If the following statement eliminates duplicate elements of a list in PROLOG, then after elimination, what will be the final state of list? ?- compress([z,z,z,z,y,x,x,z,z,w,w,w,n,n], X)

A) X = [y,z,n,x,w]
B) X = [z,y,x,z,w,n]
C) X = [z,w,y,x,n]
D) X = [n,w,z,x,z]

AI Explanation

The compress operation removes consecutive duplicate elements while preserving the original order of the remaining elements. The sequence z,z,z,z,y,x,x,z,z,w,w,w,n,n becomes [z,y,x,z,w,n].

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Q215

Following statement in PROLOG is considered as ______________________. "should_take(nadia, Drug)"

A) Fact
B) Variable
C) Rule
D) Goal

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, a statement written as should_take(nadia, Drug) is a query or goal that asks whether a relationship exists. It contains a variable Drug that PROLOG attempts to determine.

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Q216

Which of the following are the types of constants in PROLOG?

A) atoms and numbers
B) float and numbers
C) single and decimal
D) short and char

AI Explanation

PROLOG constants are mainly divided into atoms and numbers. Atoms represent symbolic values, while numbers represent numeric constants.

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Q217

Which of the following is treated as an atom and not as a list data type in PROLOG?

A) [a]
B) [ ]
C) [a, b, c]
D) [a, t, o, m]

AI Explanation

In PROLOG, the empty list [] is a special atom representing an empty list. It is treated as a list terminator and a constant atom rather than a normal list with elements.

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Q218

A query given to a PROLOG system:

A) cannot contain variables
B) does not involve database
C) is a pattern matching exercise
D) is treated an object

AI Explanation

A PROLOG query is evaluated by matching patterns against facts and rules in the database. The inference engine attempts to find substitutions that satisfy the query.

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Q219

How many times the value of a PROLOG variable can be changed after first assignment?

A) Twice
B) Many times
C) Zero (Can not be changed)
D) Once

AI Explanation

PROLOG variables are assigned values through unification, and once assigned they cannot be changed directly. They can only receive another value through backtracking.