A coffee shop uses three cup sizes with strategic pricing to make the medium seem most valuable. This is:

• A) Decoy pricing
• B) Freemium pricing
• C) Penetration pricing
• D) Dynamic pricing

What is the main disadvantage of equity financing?

• A) Diluted control
• B) High interest rates
• C) Tax penalties
• D) Asset depreciation

What role does post-purchase behavior play in marketing?

• A) It influences future loyalty and word-of-mouth
• B) It determines production volume
• C) It replaces the need for promotion
• D) It affects product design

During the growth stage of a product lifecycle, what strategy would a marketer likely adopt?

• A) Increase market share through differentiation
• B) Offer frequent discounts
• C) Discontinue the product
• D) Reduce marketing to save cost

Why is the augmented product important in marketing?

• A) It increases manufacturing costs
• B) It adds extra value like warranties or services
• C) It limits customer interaction
• D) It focuses on only core features

Which of the following is a challenge in Pakistan’s securities market?

• A) Lack of listed companies
• B) Economic volatility
• C) High rural participation
• D) Too many foreign investors

What is a key difference between the selling concept and the marketing concept?

• A) Selling concept is customer-driven
• B) Marketing concept reduces costs
• C) Marketing concept focuses on customer satisfaction
• D) Selling concept focuses on production efficiency

Why do companies use digital accounting software?

• A) For website design
• B) For compliance and planning
• C) For payroll management only
• D) For tax evasion

Which of the following tools is used in accounting?

• A) QuickBooks
• B) Photoshop
• C) SPSS
• D) Canva

A halal investment avoids companies involved in alcohol and gambling. This aligns with:

• A) ESG investing
• B) Western financial ethics
• C) Islamic finance principles
• D) Venture capital principles

What is the primary objective of promotion in the marketing mix?

• A) To inform and persuade consumers
• B) To develop R&D
• C) To reduce manufacturing cost
• D) To manage logistics

How does market segmentation help marketers?

• A) In standardizing global campaigns
• B) In reducing employee turnover
• C) In minimizing innovation
• D) In customizing offerings for different groups

What does SECP stand for in Pakistan?

• A) Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan
• B) Securities Exchange Credit Portfolio
• C) South East Credit Partners
• D) Stock Exchange and Capital Planning

Which of the following is a digital financial platform in Pakistan?

• A) NOC
• B) JazzCash
• C) SnapChat
• D) TCS

How do grants benefit businesses?

• A) They offer loans at low interest
• B) They require profit-sharing
• C) They increase ownership control
• D) They don’t require repayment

A textile firm lists shares on PSX (Pakistan Stock Exchange) for the first time. This is happening in the:

• A) Primary market
• B) Real estate market
• C) Secondary market
• D) Open-source platform

What does the “positioning” process aim to do?

• A) Launch a new product
• B) Build distribution channels
• C) Create a unique image in consumers’ minds
• D) Determine pricing

A company needs cash to buy Eid stock and pays back in 30 days. What should it use?

• A) Long-term bond
• B) Mudarabah loan
• C) Trade credit
• D) Equity share

A business uses retained profit to buy new delivery vans. This is:

• A) Government loan
• B) Internal financing
• C) Debt financing
• D) External grant

A brand like Tesla promotes itself as eco-innovative. This is an example of:

• A) Competitive pricing
• B) Bundle promotion
• C) Brand positioning
• D) Product skimming