Which of the following is not the prime objective of a commercial business?

• A) Fulfillment of corporate social responsibilities
• B) Economic uplift
• C) Employment generation
• D) All of the given options

Size of a firm as per balance sheet is represented through:

• A) All of the given options
• B) Market value
• C) Book value
• D) Economic value

Optimal capital structure is a mix of debt and equity where _______ is maximized and overall cost of capital is _______.

• A) Cost of debt, maximized
• B) Cost of equity, maximized
• C) Value of a firm, maximized
• D) Value of a firm, minimized

Which of the following is the general assumption of capital structure theories?

• A) No taxes
• B) All of the given options
• C) There is no change in risk perception of the investors with the change in capital structure
• D) Cost of debt < cost of equity

All are the general assumptions of M&M theory EXCEPT:

• A) Investors behave rationally
• B) Firms can be identical
• C) All earnings are retained
• D) External factors do not affect

Which type of pricing is often used by tech companies launching innovative products?

• A) Penetration pricing
• B) Bundle pricing
• C) Price skimming
• D) Cost-based pricing

What is Murabaha in Islamic finance?

• A) Stock market investment
• B) A leasing contract
• C) Asset-backed cost-plus financing
• D) A type of debt bond

Which of the following is an example of a direct distribution channel?

• A) Wholesaler
• B) Supermarket
• C) Distributor
• D) E-commerce website

Why is accounting called the "language of business"?

• A) Because it provides financial transparency
• B) Because it manages IT systems
• C) Because it involves marketing
• D) Because it uses English

What is Mudarabah in Islamic finance?

• A) A leasing contract
• B) A risk-sharing profit arrangement
• C) An interest-bearing loan
• D) A gambling-based investment

What does ESG investing focus on?

• A) Employee retirement plans
• B) Environmental, Social, and Governance factors
• C) Stock prices
• D) Economic slowdown

Which pricing model adjusts prices in real-time based on demand?

• A) Bundle pricing
• B) Dynamic pricing
• C) Psychological pricing
• D) Skimming

What is the function of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)?

• A) Issuing passports
• B) Trading financial securities
• C) Inspecting business sites
• D) Collecting taxes

A tech firm introduces a basic version of its app for free and charges for premium features. This is:

• A) Freemium model
• B) Psychological pricing
• C) Value-based pricing
• D) Promotional pricing

How does factoring work in short-term finance?

• A) Taking a long-term loan
• B) Selling receivables for quick cash
• C) Investing in stocks
• D) Selling inventory

What is the key principle that Islamic finance prohibits?

• A) Profit-making
• B) Risk-sharing
• C) Asset-backing
• D) Interest (Riba)

A fitness app targets senior citizens with low-impact workouts. This is an example of:

• A) Undifferentiated marketing
• B) Behavioral segmentation
• C) Niche positioning
• D) Geographic segmentation

During which stage of the Product Life Cycle is promotion typically heaviest?

• A) Growth
• B) Introduction
• C) Maturity
• D) Decline

Why is “People” important in the 7Ps of marketing?

• A) It ensures automation
• B) It includes factory workers
• C) It impacts service quality
• D) It refers to product designers

Why do companies use bundle pricing?

• A) To offer combined value at a discount
• B) To reduce product quality
• C) To charge more for a single product
• D) To increase production time