Which of the following is the process by which one company buys different kinds of media, concentrating ownership across different kinds of media?

• A) Diagonal integration
• B) Rectangular integration
• C) Horizontal integration
• D) Vertical integration

According to ____________, the BASE, upon which everything grows, is composed by the material production, money, objects, the relations of production and the stage of development of productive forces.

• A) Marshal McLuhan
• B) Karl Marx
• C) Theodor Adorno
• D) Shannon

In early 1970s who among the following scholars/ economists documented the concentration and consolidation of ownership in publishing, print, broadcasting, film and recording industries in UK?

• A) Merton and Miller
• B) Golding and Murdock
• C) Shannon and Weaver
• D) McLuhan and Gerbner

According to German Marxist, Fritz Haug, the power of the ______________ industry to use the appearance of products as a means of stimulating desire for them is now a worldwide phenomenon, and has intervened in the imaginations of people through their cultures.

• A) Advertising
• B) Commerce
• C) Agricultural
• D) Live stock

The term ‘mediation of social relations’ mean:

• A) The role of government agencies in a society
• B) The role of state-controlled media in a society
• C) The role of newspapers in a society
• D) The role of mass communication in a society

All of the following are the main principles of Marxist theory, EXCEPT:

• A) Ideology
• B) Mass distribution
• C) Materialism
• D) False consciousness

Which of the following term means separation and distance?

• A) Congeniality
• B) Alienation
• C) Communication
• D) Feedback

Political economy theories are inherently critical but some _______________ are not.

• A) Critical theories
• B) All of the given options
• C) Normative theories
• D) Cultural studies theories

The term _____________ serves to this long and diverse tradition which owes its origin to the work of group of post 1933 scholars from the Marxist school of Applied social research in Frankfurt.

• A) Globalization
• B) Consumerism
• C) Critical theory
• D) Development communication

________________ is/are the institutions and values of a given society.

• A) Base
• B) Communication
• C) Superstructures
• D) Pubic relations

According to_________________, rule is political and in critical times is based on coercion or force.

• A) George Gerbner
• B) Wilber Schramm
• C) Raymond Williams
• D) Marshal McLuhan

Which of the following is manifested through direct force or its threat needed by a state when its degree of hegemonic leadership is low or fractured?

• A) Coercive control
• B) Consensus control
• C) Communication control
• D) Consensual control

Some cultural and political economy theories are also referred to as _________________ because they openly espouse certain values and use these values to evaluate and criticize the status quo.

• A) Systems theories
• B) Normative theories
• C) Communist theories
• D) Critical theories

Which of the following is an old label that has been revived to identify a socially critical approach which focuses primarily on the relation between the economic structure and dynamics of media industries and the ideological content of media?

• A) Political economic theory
• B) Agenda setting theory
• C) Spiral of silence theory
• D) Normative theory

According to Marx, capitalism may be able to produce goods and materialist abundance for large numbers of people but it necessarily generates __________________.

• A) Congeniality
• B) Good relations
• C) Alienation
• D) Communication

Karl Marx developed his theory in the latter part of which of the following century?

• A) 20th
• B) 17th
• C) 18th
• D) 19th

Which of the following perspective says that mass media should be interpreted as an instrument to spread and reinforce the dominant hegemony?

• A) Romanian
• B) Gramscian
• C) Marxist
• D) Freudian

According to Marx, ideological domination is the outcome of the relentless logic of the ___________________.

• A) Capitalist system
• B) Free system
• C) Democratic system
• D) Mechanical system

________________ is an essential institution in advanced capitalist societies because it is necessary to motivate people to work hard so that they can accumulate money, which is later used to buy things.

• A) Commerce industry
• B) Advertising
• C) Live stock industry
• D) Agriculture industry

Which of the following arises when individuals voluntarily assimilate the worldview of the dominant group?

• A) Coercive control:
• B) Communication control
• C) Consensus control
• D) Consensual control