based SLA research is that second language data does not represent a static phenomenon. (The basic premise of sociolinguistic)

• A) The basic premise of sociolinguistic
• B)
• C)
• D)

Many external variables affect learner production and the developing interlanguage system.

• A) Many external variables affect learner production and the developing interlanguage system.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Therefore, learners in some instances produce different forms of language.

• A) Therefore, learners in some instances produce different forms of language.
• B)
• C)
• D)

seems to exhibit more variability than native languages. For example, a learner might alternate between forms to express the same language function. (Interlanguage Variation ILs)

• A) Interlanguage Variation ILs
• B)
• C)
• D)

Learning is not an intra-psychological process. It is not situated entirely in an individual’s cognition; rather, it is linked to social and local ecology. (Social Interactional Approach)

• A) Social Interactional Approach
• B)
• C)
• D)

It is adaptive to a set of resources embodied in social interaction.

• A) It is adaptive to a set of resources embodied in social interaction.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Linguistic code cannot be understood as an isolated phenomenon outside of its social context nor can one understand how learning takes place without the support of the social context.

• A) Linguistic code cannot be understood as an isolated phenomenon outside of its social context nor can one understand how learning takes place without the support of the social context.
• B)
• C)
• D)

It deals with both: the acquisition and use of L2 pragmatic knowledge. In learning an L2, one must learn more than just the pronunciation, the lexical items, and the appropriate word order; one must also learn the appropriate way to use those words and sentences in the L2 (Interlanguage Pragmatics)

• A) Interlanguage Pragmatics
• B)
• C)
• D)

The Input hypothesis claims that exposure to comprehensible input is both necessary and sufficient for second language learning to take place. (Krashen’s ‘Input Hypothesis’)

• A) Krashen’s ‘Input Hypothesis’
• B)
• C)
• D)

“Humans acquire language in only one way - by understanding messages or by receiving “comprehensible input.”

• A) “Humans acquire language in only one way - by understanding messages or by receiving “comprehensible input.”
• B)
• C)
• D)

Comprehensible input is slightly ahead of a learner’s current state of grammatical knowledge.

• A) Comprehensible input is slightly ahead of a learner’s current state of grammatical knowledge.
• B)
• C)
• D)

As a major concern, modern linguistics emphasizes what speakers know, rather than what they actually do on some particular occasion (performance). (Competence)

• A) Competence
• B)
• C)
• D)

Affect refers to feelings or emotions that individuals have about something. (Affect)

• A) Affect
• B)
• C)
• D)

In the case of language learning, it can refer to feelings or emotional reactions about the language, about the people who speak that language, or about the culture where that language is spoken.

• A) In the case of language learning, it can refer to feelings or emotional reactions about the language, about the people who speak that language, or about the culture where that language is spoken.
• B)
• C)
• D)

It is an important factor for affecting learning and is a matter of personality: an emotional reaction to a situation or a combination. (Language Anxiety)

• A) Language Anxiety
• B)
• C)
• D)

Its low levels help, whereas high levels hurt.

• A) Its low levels help, whereas high levels hurt.
• B)
• C)
• D)

These are the instances in which an L2 learner does not feel an affinity with the target language community. It results in a diminished amount of input. (Social Distance)

• A) Social Distance
• B)
• C)
• D)

The learners create both psychological and social distances from L2 speakers.

• A) The learners create both psychological and social distances from L2 speakers.
• B)
• C)
• D)

if learners acculturate, they will learn. Thus, acculturation initiates a chain reaction including contact in the middle and acquisition as its outcome. (Acculturation Model)

• A) Acculturation Model
• B)
• C)
• D)

It is commonly believed that children are better language learners than adults in the sense that they can gain the mastery of an L2, whereas adults cannot. (Age Differences)

• A) Age Differences
• B)
• C)
• D)