Sociocultural theory emphasizes that there is a crucial link between ________ processes and sociocultural settings.

• A) physical
• B) mental
• C) emotional
• D) psychological

Drawing on L1, Language Awareness focuses on forms & functions of ________ language by exploiting a methodology that is reflexive, inductive, interactive & investigational.

• A) symbolic
• B) second
• C) national
• D) first

Language awareness empowers the learners to consolidate & systemize knowledge of L2 and become conscious of the relationship between _______ languages.

• A) same
• B) different
• C) symbolic
• D) written

Language awareness is predicated on the assumption of _______ between acquisition and learning.

• A) interference
• B) interface
• C) inference
• D) typeface

Language awareness accords value to learners’ _______ background and their L1, and capitalizes learners’ knowledge & experience of L1.

• A) financial
• B) psychological
• C) social
• D) political

Learners are more likely to switch to L1 in their ________ speech when confronted with a difficult task.

• A) political
• B) explicit
• C) emotional
• D) inner

Language awareness emphasizes a person’s sensitivity and _______ awareness of language’s nature and role in human life.

• A) unconscious
• B) suspicious
• C) conscious
• D) subconscious

Long's ______ refers to participation in conversation with native speakers.

• A) Interpersonal hypothesis
• B) Interactive hypothesis
• C) Interaction hypothesis
• D) Intrapersonal hypothesis

In his updated version of Interaction Hypothesis (IH), Long (1996) emphasizes on the learner’s __________ when she/he is interactionally involved in modified output.

• A) LAD
• B) external factors
• C) internal mechanisms
• D) performance

Language acquisition does not require extensive use of conscious grammatical rules, and their tedious drill is the viewpoint of ________.

• A) Monitor Model
• B) Behaviourism
• C) Genarativism
• D) Constructivism

Processability Theory was proposed by ______________.

• A) None of the given options
• B) Manfred Pienemann
• C) Long
• D) Schmidt

Ellis (1991) states that Comprehensible Input is necessary for____________.

• A) L2 acquisition
• B) L1 acquisition
• C) L2 learning
• D) L1 learning

Which of the following theories support the role of memory in language learning?

• A) Cognitivism
• B) Behaviourist
• C) Socio-cultural theory
• D) Generativist

______ proposed a distinction between controlled and automatic processing.

• A) McDonough
• B) McLaughlin
• C) Nunan
• D) Schmidt

To conclude, the interaction hypothesis is a theory of _______ which refers to the development of language proficiency through face-to-face interaction and communication.

• A) L2 interference
• B) L1 acquisition
• C) L2 acquisition
• D) L1 interference

Which of the following theories proposes ‘Observable behavior’ as a core factor that influences learning?

• A) Constructivist
• B) Behaviorist
• C) Cognitivist
• D) Nativist

Which of the following theories believes on integration of linguistic, psychological, and sociological paradigms?

• A) Constructivism
• B) Behaviourism
• C) Genarativism
• D) Monitor Model

Focusing on reinforcement and desired behaviours of learners in a language classroom is key feature of _______ approach.

• A) behaviourist
• B) generativist
• C) congnitivist
• D) constructivist

According to Long’s interaction hypothesis, participation in conversation with __________ is necessary for L2 acquisition.

• A) native speakers
• B) Both of the given options
• C) non-native speakers
• D) None of the given options

Pienemann (1998) understands development as a process in which the development of more complex structures _____________.

• A) becomes incomplete
• B) happens gradually
• C) all of the given options
• D) is slowed down