Generally, it is a lexical word and defines the category of the phrase.

• A) Generally, it is a lexical word and defines the category of the phrase.
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A phrase can be a single word or group of words. The words other than head are called modifiers.

• A) A phrase can be a single word or group of words. The words other than head are called modifiers.
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A Modifier is a word, especially an adjective or noun used attributively, that restricts or adds to the sense of a head noun (e.g., good and family in a ‘good family house’) - make its meaning more specific.

• A) A Modifier is a word, especially an adjective or noun used attributively, that restricts or adds to the sense of a head noun (e.g., good and family in a ‘good family house’) - make its meaning more specific.
• B)
• C)
• D)

modifiers while after head are called post-modifiers. (The modifiers before head are called pre)

• A) The modifiers before head are called pre
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In the noun phrase ‘a boy with black hat’, ‘boy’ is a head word and article ‘a’ is a pre-modifier and ‘with black hat’ is a post-modifier.

• A) In the noun phrase ‘a boy with black hat’, ‘boy’ is a head word and article ‘a’ is a pre-modifier and ‘with black hat’ is a post-modifier.
• B)
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• D)

Similarly, ‘very cheap’ is an adjective phrase in which ‘cheap’ is a head word whereas ‘very’ is a modifier.

• A) Similarly, ‘very cheap’ is an adjective phrase in which ‘cheap’ is a head word whereas ‘very’ is a modifier.
• B)
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Other phrases in a sentence that are not optional like modifiers; they are necessary to complete the sense. (Compliments)

• A) Compliments
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The difference between modifiers and compliments is that modifiers are optional and compliments are obligatory.

• A) The difference between modifiers and compliments is that modifiers are optional and compliments are obligatory.
• B)
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This difference can be shown through a tree diagram.

• A) This difference can be shown through a tree diagram.
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It can be a noun (proper noun, plural noun) or a pronoun: e.g., People like to have money. (A Noun Phrase)

• A) A Noun Phrase
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Determiner + Adjective + Noun + Adjective / Prepositional Phrase. (A noun phrase can occur in this way)

• A) A noun phrase can occur in this way
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Uses of NP A noun phrase is used as a subject, object, compliment or adverbial in a sentence.

• A) Uses of NP A noun phrase is used as a subject, object, compliment or adverbial in a sentence.
• B)
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VP (Verb Phrase) In which the head word is a verb. e.g.,‘Has been eating, eats, ate, is eating’ etc. It consists of a main verb alone, or a main verb plus any modal and/or auxiliary.

• A) VP (Verb Phrase) In which the head word is a verb. e.g.,‘Has been eating, eats, ate, is eating’ etc. It consists of a main verb alone, or a main verb plus any modal and/or auxiliary.
• B)
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The main verb always comes last in VP We all laughed (main verb).

• A) The main verb always comes last in VP We all laughed (main verb).
• B)
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Computers can (modal) be very annoying (main verb).

• A) Computers can (modal) be very annoying (main verb).
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A verb phrase is used as a verb in the sentence and is the most important element in predicate.

• A) A verb phrase is used as a verb in the sentence and is the most important element in predicate.
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A preposition preceded by a noun phrase makes a prepositional phrase. E.g., In the room, at the party, for me, etc. (PP (Preposition Phrase))

• A) PP (Preposition Phrase)
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In which the head word is an adjective. e.g., Very sensitive, too big, strong enough . (AP (Adjective Phrase))

• A) AP (Adjective Phrase)
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Use AP is used as a modifier in a noun phrase or as a complement in a sentence She is very intelligent. (complement) He is a smart boy(modifier). AdvP (Adverb Phrase): In which the head word is an adverb. e.g., Very immediately, here, etc.

• A) Use AP is used as a modifier in a noun phrase or as a complement in a sentence She is very intelligent. (complement) He is a smart boy(modifier). AdvP (Adverb Phrase): In which the head word is an adverb. e.g., Very immediately, here, etc.
• B)
• C)
• D)

20.Studying and Teaching the Meaning of Language

• A) 20.Studying and Teaching the Meaning of Language
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