CD (compact disk) or

• A) CD (compact disk) or
• B)
• C)
• D)

VCR (video cassette recorder)

• A) VCR (video cassette recorder)
• B)
• C)
• D)

NATO, NASA or UNESCO. (Acronyms with single word pronunciation)

• A) Acronyms with single word pronunciation
• B)
• C)
• D)

The most common word formation process to be found in the production of new English words can be accomplished with the help of affixes, e.g., pre-fixes: (e.g.,un-, mis-), suffixes: (e.g., -less, - ish). (Derivation)

• A) Derivation
• B)
• C)
• D)

19.Teaching the Sentence Patterns of English Language

• A) 19.Teaching the Sentence Patterns of English Language
• B)
• C)
• D)

‘a syntactic unit that functions as part of a larger unit within a sentence’. (Constituent)

• A) Constituent
• B)
• C)
• D)

A constituent can be a word, phrase, clause or a sentence, but it will function as a complete unit (Meyer, 2009).

• A) A constituent can be a word, phrase, clause or a sentence, but it will function as a complete unit (Meyer, 2009).
• B)
• C)
• D)

Constituency is at the center of any discussion of syntax.

• A) Constituency is at the center of any discussion of syntax.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Syntactic units are not simply arbitrarily grouped and ordered, but form identifiable units.

• A) Syntactic units are not simply arbitrarily grouped and ordered, but form identifiable units.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Syntacticians have identified four different levels of structure at which constituents occur: sentences → clauses → phrases → words

• A) Syntacticians have identified four different levels of structure at which constituents occur: sentences → clauses → phrases → words
• B)
• C)
• D)

The largest constituent is the sentence; the smallest is the word. Sometimes sentences and clauses are identical: a declarative sentence, for instance, may consist of one main clause.

• A) The largest constituent is the sentence; the smallest is the word. Sometimes sentences and clauses are identical: a declarative sentence, for instance, may consist of one main clause.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Immediate constituents and ultimate constituents. Exactly which elements constitute immediate constituents depends upon what level of structure is there (sentence, clause, and phrase). (There are two types)

• A) There are two types
• B)
• C)
• D)

At the highest level, the sentence itself is a constituent.

• A) At the highest level, the sentence itself is a constituent.
• B)
• C)
• D)

But within it, one can find several immediate constituents: separate units into which a given structure can be divided. (e.g., subject and predicate).

• A) But within it, one can find several immediate constituents: separate units into which a given structure can be divided. (e.g., subject and predicate).
• B)
• C)
• D)

Constituency Test It help in identifying the constituent structure of sentences (Roberts, 1997). Many constituents are phrases.

• A) Constituency Test It help in identifying the constituent structure of sentences (Roberts, 1997). Many constituents are phrases.
• B)
• C)
• D)

A phrase is a sequence of one or more words built around a head lexical item and working as a unit within a sentence. There are numerous constituency tests applied to English language sentences. #

• A) A phrase is a sequence of one or more words built around a head lexical item and working as a unit within a sentence. There are numerous constituency tests applied to English language sentences. #
• B)
• C)
• D)

Substitution (Replacement) Test Whether one word can be substituted for another (e.g., a pronoun for a noun) and if such a change yields a grammatical sentence where the general structure has.not been altered, then the test sequence is a constituent (Redford, 2004): e.g., I don't know the man who is sleeping in the car. I don't know him.

• A) Substitution (Replacement) Test Whether one word can be substituted for another (e.g., a pronoun for a noun) and if such a change yields a grammatical sentence where the general structure has.not been altered, then the test sequence is a constituent (Redford, 2004): e.g., I don't know the man who is sleeping in the car. I don't know him.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Constructions can be moved when systematic changes are made to a sentence. This usually involves using a definite pro-form (it, he, there, here, etc.) in place of a phrase or a clause. In most cases, adverbials (that give additional information) can be safely omitted and thus qualify as constituents (Roberts, 1997). For example, Fred relaxes at night on his couch. • Fred relaxes on his couch. • Fred relaxes at night. Prepositional phrases ‘at night’ and ‘on his couch’ are constituents. (Omission (Deletion) Test)

• A) Omission (Deletion) Test
• B)
• C)
• D)

Two or more words form a syntactic constituent if they can be moved together as one single unit to another position in the same sentence. Example: The man sat on the chair. (Movement (Fronting) Test)

• A) Movement (Fronting) Test
• B)
• C)
• D)

Head is a central part of any phrase.

• A) Head is a central part of any phrase.
• B)
• C)
• D)