During Variable volume fed batch culture, the Volume of culture is ------------- by adding same medium

• A) Decrease
• B) Increase
• C) none
• D) Remain same

The type of fermentation is generally defined as the growth of the microorganism on moist solid materials in the absence or near the absence of free water.

• A) Solid state (substratum) fermentation
• B) none
• C) Surface fermentation
• D) Submerged Fermentation

Which of the following is a benefit of GMOs to humans?

• A) All answers are correct.
• B) Increased crop yield
• C) Resistance to herbicides, allowing farmers to selectively kill weeds in a field
• D) Decreased risk for infection by insect

In Phase III, the vaccine is given to ------- of people and tested for efficacy and safety.

• A) Thousand
• B) Million
• C) Small
• D) Hundred

Bioremediation depends on the activities of ------------ organisms to clean up pollutants dispersed in the environment.

• A) Dead
• B) Weak
• C) none
• D) Living

----------- was the first country to produce ethanol in large scale by yeast fermentation, utilizing sugarcane and cassava.

• A) China
• B) Japan
• C) Germany
• D) Brazil

Pyrethrum flower is an example of

• A) Natural pesticide
• B) Artificial pesticide
• C) Pesticide
• D) Chemical pesticide

he word antimicrobial derive from------ word that means-------?

• A) Greek – against microbes
• B) Latin – against bacteria
• C) Latin – Help microbes
• D) English – against microbes

The genome size of Streptomyces coelicolor is

• A) 5 Mb
• B) 7.5 Mb
• C) 6.5 Mb
• D) 8.7 Mb

Process in which microorganisms played a role in the dissolution of metals from their ores, termed as

• A) Biomining
• B) Bioleaching
• C) Bio surfactants
• D) Bio absorption

The techniques used involves annealing of fractionated mRNA with the cognate pieces of DNA, and reverse transcriptase– PCR, in which mRNA is used as a template to produce cDNA, which is then amplified by PCR.

• A) Southern Blot
• B) Northern Blot
• C) Western Blot
• D) Eastern Blot

AFLP technique involves:

• A) Restriction digestion followed by PCR
• B) Only PCR amplification
• C) DNA sequencing
• D) Hybridization only

SNPs are variations that occur at which level?

• A) DNA level
• B) RNA level
• C) Protein level
• D) Chromosomal level

Compared to RAPD, AFLP is:

• A) Less reproducible
• B) Simpler and less sensitive
• C) More complex but more reliable
• D) Not based on PCR

Which technique is commonly used to analyze STRs?

• A) PCR
• B) Southern blotting
• C) Western blotting
• D) ELISA

What does STR stand for?

• A) Single Tandem Region
• B) Sequential Template Repeat
• C) Short Tandem Repeat
• D) Short Transcribed Region

STRs are also commonly known as:

• A) Macrosatellites
• B) Minisatellites
• C) Megasatellites
• D) Microsatellites

RAPD stands for:

• A) Rapid Amplified Polymorphic DNA
• B) Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA
• C) Restriction Amplified Polymorphic DNA
• D) Randomly Analyzed Polymorphic DNA

STR and VNTR polymorphisms are mainly used in:

• A) RNA transcription
• B) DNA replication
• C) Protein synthesis
• D) Forensic identification

What is the typical repeat unit length in STRs?

• A) More than 1000 base pairs
• B) 10–60 base pairs
• C) 1–6 base pairs
• D) 100–500 base pairs