It is vital to choose the independent variables carefully, to ensure that they remain:

• A) Exogenous
• B) Uniform
• C) Indigenous
• D) Endogenous

How many types of indicators are normally used to characterize health in analyzing a household’s living standards?

• A) Three types
• B) Unified
• C) Four types
• D) Two types

According to the second method to prepare poverty profile, analysts divide up the sample by:

• A) Poverty status
• B) Consumption status
• C) Income status
• D) Investment status

Which factor in a poverty profile covers the villages with and without a school?

• A) National
• B) Community
• C) Geography
• D) Households

Which of the following aspects of society are covered in the poverty profile?

• A) Geography
• B) All of the given options
• C) Community
• D) Household

Which form of regression analysis has been done with MARS (Multiple Adaptive Regression Splines) models?

• A) Fissional
• B) Exotic
• C) Recessional
• D) Incremental

Which of the following are other important regional and national characteristics that affect the poverty?

• A) Good governance
• B) A sound environmental policy
• C) All of the given options
• D) Economic, political, and market stability

As per the poverty profile of Pakistan, the analysis of poverty data indicates that some of the regions are traditionally regarded as suffering from extreme:

• A) Deprivation
• B) Poverty
• C) Inequality
• D) Vulnerability

Which of the following are the other indicators of community-level characteristics of poverty?

• A) Social mobility and representation
• B) All of the given options
• C) Average human resource development
• D) Access to employment and land distribution

At which of the following levels, poverty may occur?

• A) National
• B) Community
• C) All of the given options
• D) Sector-specific

In the process of poverty comparisons over time, the problem is:

• A) Lack of investment data
• B) Lack of income data
• C) Lack of good price data
• D) Lack of cross sectional data

Which of the following are the important indicators of the quality of life as per the determinants of poverty?

• A) Loyalty and hard work
• B) Literacy and schooling
• C) Education and wealth
• D) Enrollment and passing

In the poverty profile, households that are at high risk of being poor, but are not necessarily poor now, are considered to be:

• A) Vulnerable
• B) Unhappy
• C) Deprived
• D) Poor

What shows a comprehensive poverty comparison, showing how poverty varies across subgroups of society?

• A) Poverty profile
• B) Social curve
• C) Investment ratio
• D) Median line

In how many ways, a poverty profile can be presented?

• A) Three
• B) Four
• C) Two
• D) Five

Which of the following methods belongs to Filter-based feature selection?

• A) Random Forest Importance
• B) Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE)
• C) LASSO Regression
• D) Chi-Square Test

What typically causes overfitting?

• A) Data scaling errors
• B) Too little data
• C) Model is too simple
• D) Model is too complex

What does overfitting mean in machine learning?

• A) The model performs poorly on both training and test data
• B) The model is too simple to capture the data pattern
• C) The model performs well on training data but poorly on new data
• D) The model cannot find any pattern at all

Which of the following methods is an Embedded Method of feature selection?

• A) LASSO Regression
• B) Mutual Information
• C) Chi-Square Test
• D) Forward Selection

Which technique is used to replace missing numerical values in a dataset?

• A) Normalization
• B) One-hot encoding
• C) Mean/Median imputation
• D) PCA