Which of the following is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) used in DNA fingerprinting?

• A) Short Tandem Repeat (STR)
• B) Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
• C) Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)
• D) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

The purpose of the annealing step in a PCR reaction is?

• A) To separate DNA strands
• B) To extend the DNA strands
• C) To maintain the overall temperature of the reaction
• D) To allow primers to bind with DNA

The most common PCR type that is used to detect the viral load in hepatitis diagnostic tests is?

• A) real-time PCR (qPCR)
• B) Simple PCR
• C) RT-PCR
• D) Nested PCR

The basic principle behind the RFLP analysis is?

• A) cDNA synthesis
• B) Amplification
• C) Restriction
• D) Blotting

Which steps are similar both in plasmid isolation and DNA isolation process?

• A) Lysis
• B) Washing the pellet with ethanol
• C) All of the above
• D) Precipitation

The function of SDS in PAGE analysis is?

• A) It works as tracking dye
• B) It denatures the proteins and breaks the disulfide bonds
• C) It separates the proteins based on their size
• D) It works as buffer to maintain the pH

RFLP is used in parenting testing, which aspect of testing is explored by RFLP analysis?

• A) On the basis of gender of child
• B) Comparison of difernent blood types
• C) All of the above
• D) Comparison on the basis of genetic markers

First step in polymerase chain reaction is

• A) Anealing
• B) Extention
• C) Boiling
• D) Denaturation

For RFLP analysis which DNA is required on gel electrophoresis?

• A) Genomic DNA
• B) RNA
• C) cDNA
• D) Plasmid DNA

Which aspect of DNA is used in RFLP analysis?

• A) Restriction of DNA fragments
• B) cDNA synthesis
• C) Mutation
• D) Sequencing of DNA

Which chemical component is commonly used to make cells competent for DNA uptake?

• A) Potassium chloride, KCl
• B) Calcium chloride, CaCl2
• C) Potassium hydroxide, KOH
• D) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH

By SDS-PAGE analysis, we can anlayze-------

• A) Amino acid sequence of proteins
• B) Shape of the protein molecules
• C) Proteins, separated on the basis of size
• D) Structure of protein

Plasmid DNA is mostly used in -------?

• A) Recombinant DNA technology
• B) RFLP anlaysis
• C) AFLP analysis
• D) Proteomics studies

First step in polymerase chain reaction is

• A) Denaturation
• B) Extention
• C) Boiling
• D) Anealing

cDNA synthesis in molecular biology is done for the purpose of?

• A) To amplify the DNA
• B) To amplify the RNA
• C) To make RNA from DNA
• D) To make complementary DNA form RNA

For the transformation in competent cells, a heat shock at _________ is given to the cells.

• A) 50 ºC
• B) 65 ºC
• C) 42 ºC
• D) 38 ºC

Why is heat shock step used in the transformation of competent cells?

• A) To facilitate DNA uptake by the cells
• B) To enhance protein expression
• C) To kill bacterial contaminants
• D) To induce cell lysis

The process of cDNA yields?

• A) One strand of DNA and one strand of RNA
• B) Double stranded DNA copy of RNA
• C) Double stranded RNA
• D) Single-stranded DNA

Which chemical component is commonly used to make cells competent for DNA uptake?

• A) Sodium hydroxide, NaOH
• B) Potassium chloride, KCl
• C) Potassium hydroxide, KOH
• D) Calcium chloride, CaCl2

The size of ideal primers for a PCR reaction is?

• A) 24-30 bp
• B) 15-20 bp
• C) 18-24 bp
• D) 10-15 bp