What is the purpose of treating proteins with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in SDS-PAGE?

• A) To visualize proteins
• B) To break disulfide bonds
• C) To increase protein charge
• D) To enhance protein folding

What is the purpose of plating the transformed cells onto agar plates containing antibiotics?

• A) To inhibit bacterial growth
• B) To decrease transformation efficiency
• C) To select for transformed cells
• D) To prevent plasmid replication

How many cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension are typically performed in a PCR reaction?

• A) 5-10 cycles
• B) 20-40 cycles
• C) 100 cycles
• D) 50-75 cycles

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during the extension step of PCR?

• A) DNA helicase
• B) RNA polymerase
• C) Ligase
• D) DNA polymerase

In the extension step of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), where does the DNA polymerase enzyme add nucleotides?

• A) In both 5' and 3' directions simultaneously
• B) To the 3' end of each primer, extending the DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction
• C) To the 3' end of each primer
• D) To the 5' end of each primer

For which breakthrough did Kary Mullis receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993?

• A) DNA Cloning
• B) PCR Amplification
• C) DNA Sequencing
• D) Gel Electrophoresis

What is the primary purpose of resuspending the bacterial pellet in lysis buffer during plasmid DNA isolation?

• A) To promote plasmid DNA release
• B) To break down genomic DNA
• C) To enhance bacterial growth
• D) . To neutralize the bacterial culture

In SDS-PAGE, what is the purpose of the protein molecular weight marker?

• A) Enhance protein color
• B) Determine the size of protein samples
• C) Determine the size of protein samples
• D) Indicate the pH of the gel

Which dye is commonly used to stain the gel after SDS-PAGE for visualizing separated proteins?

• A) Ethidium bromide
• B) SYBR Green
• C) SYBR Green
• D) Coomassie Blue

While doing SDS-PAGE, what is the primary purpose of destaining the gel after staining?

• A) Remove excess dye
• B) Enhance protein mobility
• C) Improve gel resolution
• D) Denature proteins

Taq polymerase starts copying at

• A) DNA primers attached to the ends of the desired sequence
• B) At any point, because the DNA is single stranded after denaturation
• C)
• D)

What are the three basic steps involved in the PCR process?

• A) Replication, Transcription, Translation
• B) Amplification, Sequencing, Analysis
• C) Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
• D) Digestion, Ligation, Transformation

What is the recommended storage temperature for plasmid DNA after isolation?

• A) -20°C
• B) 4°C
• C) -40°C
• D) -80°C

How much agarose would you need to make 1 % agarose gel into 50mL of TAE buffer?

• A) 0.5g
• B) 150mg
• C) 3.75g
• D) 375mg

What is the purpose of adding ethanol after transferring the supernatant to a new tube during plasmid DNA isolation?

• A) To increase bacterial density
• B) To precipitate plasmid DNA
• C) To wash the bacterial pellet
• D) To enhance centrifugation efficiency

Trizole is an efficient method of RNA isolation, Trizole reagents promotes the:

• A) Degradation of RNases
• B) Precipitation of RNA
• C) Dissociation of Proteins and nucleic acids
• D) Deactivation of RNA

The distance of DNA migration in a gel during electrophoresis primarily depends upon?

• A) pH of the buffer
• B) DNA concentration
• C) Voltage
• D) Size of DNA

Which of the following is commonly involved in the protocol for isolating DNA using a commercial kit?

• A) Chromatography
• B) Electrophoresis
• C) Centrifugation
• D) PCR

The principle of Nanodrop spectrophotometer for nucleic acid quantification is based on?

• A) Light absorbance
• B) Resonance
• C) Electrophoresis
• D) Flourescence

Trizole in RNA extraction promotes

• A) Dissociation of Proteins and nucleic acids
• B) the degradation of RNases
• C) None of the options
• D) Precipitation of RNA