Maria experiences stress due to her job dissatisfaction, which she encounters almost every day. How would you classify this stressor based on its duration and intensity?

• A) Chronic stressor
• B) Major personal life event
• C) Acute stressor
• D) Cataclysmic event

How do individuals with a hardy personality typically respond to setbacks?

• A) They become easily discouraged
• B) They succumb to stress.
• C) They avoid challenges.
• D) They view setbacks as opportunities for growth

A study aims to investigate the impact of stressful life events on health outcomes while controlling for individual coping strategies. Which model would be the most relevant for this study?

• A) Model D: Additive Burden Hypothesis
• B) Model F: Event Proneness Hypothesis
• C) Model B: Stress and Strain Hypothesis
• D) Model A: Victimization Hypothesis

What is the main focus of the stress-strain hypothesis?

• A) Proposing that transitory life events have no role in precipitating illness
• B) Examining the direct effect of stressful events on health
• C) Identifying pre-existing personal dispositions
• D) Mediating the impact of life events on subsequent health and illness

How does perceived control over a stressor affect an individual's response?

• A) It can contribute to better coping.
• B) It increases the intensity of stressors.
• C) It leads to feelings of overwhelm.
• D) It has no effect on their response.

Sarah experiences stress while preparing for her exams. Which aspect of stress measurement would this scenario best illustrate?

• A) Intensity of stressors
• B) Qualitative measurement of stress
• C) Predictability of stressors
• D) Chronic stressors vs. acute stressors

The two hormones measured to assess the immediate response to stress are:

• A) Adrenaline and Non-adrenaline
• B) Insulin and Glucagon
• C) Estrogen and Progesterone
• D) Adrenaline and Cortisol

How do psychologists typically help individuals to overcome phobias?

• A) By avoiding the feared objects or situations.
• B) By reinforcing negative perceptions.
• C) By gradually exposing them to their fears in a controlled environment.
• D) By ignoring their fears.

What is the main focus of measuring stress psychologically?

• A) Identifying specific physiological dysfunctions
• B) Assessing hormone levels
• C) Examining psychiatric symptoms
• D) Analysing immune system responses

What is internalization in the context of conformity?

• A) Adopting the group's viewpoint to reduce discomfort.
• B) Maintaining personal opinions despite social pressures.
• C) Identifying with the group's point of view and believing in it.
• D) Going along with the group without believing in their viewpoint.

In the context of stress, what is the main purpose of secondary appraisal?

• A) Weighing costs and benefits
• B) Evaluating past experiences
• C) Selecting coping behaviors
• D) Assessing potential threats

How do chronic stressors differ from cataclysmic events in terms of their impact?

• A) Cataclysmic events are more controllable than chronic stressors.
• B) Cataclysmic events have longer durations.
• C) Chronic stressors affect a larger number of people.
• D) Chronic stressors have lower intensity but longer duration.

What influences an individual's tendency to conform?

• A) Only external environmental factors.
• B) Cultural norms exclusively.
• C) Only personal free will.
• D) Both internal dispositions and situational factors.

Which of the following is considered a qualitative measurement of stress?

• A) Controllability
• B) Emotions and coping strategies
• C) Intensity
• D) Duration

What plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's response to stressful situations?

• A) Gut feeling
• B) Genetic predispositions
• C) Primary appraisal
• D) Social factors

What does attribution theory primarily seek to understand?

• A) The impact of social media on social interactions
• B) The role of genetics in behavior.
• C) How people perceive and judge others' behaviors.
• D) The influence of culture on personality.

What is the primary reason for conformity?

• A) A desire to align with prevailing standards.
• B) Inherent human disposition towards conformity.
• C) Social pressures enforcing obedience.
• D) Lack of individual autonomy.

What is the Assumed Similarity bias primarily based on?

• A) Understanding others objectively.
• B) Understanding others through cultural norms.
• C) Understanding others through our own experiences.
• D) Understanding others through their experiences.

How does the lack of control over environmental stressors affect the stress response?

• A) It mitigates the stress response.
• B) It causes stressors to become acute.
• C) It has no impact on the stress response.
• D) It exacerbates the stress response.

Which factors contribute to an individual's resilience in dealing with stress?

• A) Personality traits, social support networks, and genetic predispositions
• B) Personal beliefs, economic status, and environmental factors
• C) Physical fitness, dietary habits, and lifestyle choices
• D) Occupational status, academic achievements, and cultural background