When individuals behave in a desirable manner they get a reward but failure to perform the desirable behavior also results in withdrawal of that reward. This behavioral technique is known as what?

• A) Token economy
• B) Aversive conditioning
• C) Modeling
• D) Assertion

The term “adult” came from the ________________ word “adhuls” which means to grow.

• A) Greek
• B) Latin
• C) Dutch
• D) English

Not only does _____________ represent a strange and puzzling phenomenon for young minds to understand but it also an extremely difficult concept for adults to explain.

• A) Death
• B) Parental love
• C) Sex
• D) Sense of responsibility

As a child enters the preoperational stage they can now ________.

• A) All of the given options
• B) Use words to symbolize things
• C) Use objects to symbolize things
• D) Engage in a higher level of representation

Which of the following statement doesn’t match with the concept of Attachment?

• A) A vital aspect of early relations
• B) An opportunity for nurturing and protection
• C) Associated with a child’s wariness of strangers
• D) A shaky base from which to explore the world

In a typical application of a token reinforcement system, parents, child and therapists all agree on which of the following?

• A) Self actualization tendency
• B) Improving cognitive patterns
• C) Target behavior
• D) Focus on ego development

At which Kohlberg stages of moral reasoning, individuals start to understand that there is a difference between moral and legal right?

• A) Stage 2
• B) Stage 4
• C) Stage 3
• D) Stage 5

When two mental structures combine, they form a third structure e.g. 4+3=7. This phenomenon is known as what?

• A) Closure
• B) Associatively
• C) Identity
• D) Reversibility

What is the primary cognitive limitation of the preoperational stage?

• A) Egocentrism
• B) Ethnocentrism
• C) Narcissism
• D) Bizarre behavior

What factor influences conformity by making individuals doubt their own judgment?

• A) Anonymity
• B) Self-confidence vs. self-doubt
• C) Dissenters within the group
• D) Agreement among participants.

What is a characteristic of individuals with a hardy personality?

• A) Lack of determination
• B) Resilience and determination in the face of adversity
• C) Avoidance of stressful situations
• D) Succumbing to challenges easily

What are the three stages of Hans Selye's Adaptation Syndrome?

• A) Alarm Reaction, Stage of Resistance, Stage of Exhaustion
• B) Initial Reaction, Stage of Tolerance, Stage of Overwhelm
• C) Early Response, Phase of Adjustment, Final Stage of Fatigue
• D) Startle Phase, Phase of Adaptation, Phase of Burnout

According to Hans Selye, what triggers the release of adrenal corticoids during stress?

• A) Mobilization of the adrenal gland
• B) Increased heart rate
• C) Production of ACTH by the pituitary
• D) Activation of the hypothalamus

Which judgmental bias involves perceiving a group of people in a certain way?

• A) Halo Effect.
• B) Assumed Similarity.
• C) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy.
• D) Stereotyping.

What did the helicopter pilot witness during the My Lai Massacre?

• A) The soldiers assisting civilians in need.
• B) The massacre of unarmed civilians.
• C) A peaceful village scene.
• D) The soldiers engaged in combat with the enemy.

In a situation where most students fail an exam, what attribution might be made based on consensus?

• A) Internal factors.
• B) External factors
• C) Cultural factors.
• D) Individual personality.

Which term refers to attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors?

• A) Self-serving bias.
• B) Consistency.
• C) Distinctiveness
• D) Fundamental attribution error.

What is the purpose of judgmental shortcuts?

• A) To simplify the process of judging others' behavior.
• B) To complicate the process of understanding behavior.
• C) To eliminate biases in perception.
• D) To provide detailed and accurate information about behavior.

Ahmad experiences chronic stress due to work-related pressure and subsequently develops hypertension. Which model of adverse health would best explain this scenario?

• A) Model B: Stress and Strain Hypothesis
• B) Model E: Chronic Burden Hypothesis
• C) Model A: Victimization Hypothesis
• D) Model F: Event Proneness Hypothesis

What phenomenon occurs when beliefs about a person influence their behavior?

• A) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy.
• B) Halo Effect.
• C) Assumed Similarity.
• D) Selectivity.