Which of the following is not true for flagellar staining?

• A) Air dry the smear
• B) Heat fix the smear
• C) Cover smear with tannic acid 10% in 5% NaCl
• D) Rinse smear with water

Virus consist of ____:

• A) Either DNA or RNA
• B) Only RNA
• C) Only DNA
• D) Both DNA or RNA

When environmental conditions become unfavorable for continuing vegetative cellular activities, the cells have the capacity to undergo sporogenesis and give rise to a new intracellular structure called the endospore.

• A) True
• B) False
• C)
• D)

Deposition of immune complexes in the liver can be diagnosed by presence of IgG in kidney cells by using anti-IgG antibodies.

• A) False
• B) True
• C)
• D)

The time at which disease is at peak is called___.

• A) Incubation period
• B) Acute period
• C) Decline period
• D) Convalescent period

The ___ enzyme dissolves connective tissues and help organism to spread through the tissues.

• A) IgA protease
• B) Collagenase
• C) Coagulase
• D) Hyaluronidase

Antibodies cannot agglutinate antigens which are then cleared as a group by macrophages?

• A) True
• B) False
• C)
• D)

The study of the occurrence of diseases and how they are transmitted is called ____.

• A) Bacteriology
• B) Epidemiology
• C) Immunology
• D) Virology

…….. are antiviral proteins produced by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to viral infections?

• A) Interferon
• B) Antigens
• C) Antibodies
• D) Prion

Lymph nodes contain aggregations of B and T cells along with macrophages and dendritic cells which interact with each other inducing adaptive immune responses.

• A) False
• B) True
• C)
• D)

The sites where organisms of infections remain viable and act as source of infection is termed as ………

• A) Reservoir
• B) Carrier
• C) Host
• D) Source

The infections which are acquired by hospitals is called ____.

• A) Vector borne infection
• B) Zoonotic infection
• C) Nosocomial infection
• D) Latent infection

Whenever IgM or IgG antibodies bind to their antigens, they always activate complement which then can punch holes in the cells lysing them altogether.

• A) False
• B) True
• C)
• D)

The ___ enzyme breaks down collagen which also helps the organisms spread through the tissues.

• A) Coagulase
• B) Collagenase
• C) IgA protease
• D) Hyaluronidase

IgG starts producing after___ days of infection.

• A) 3-5
• B) 7-10
• C) 6-7
• D) 4-5

The ___ digests IgA antibodies making them dysfunctional and destroyed antibodies are of no use then against the organisms.

• A) Coagulase
• B) Hyaluronidase
• C) Collagenase
• D) IgA protease

Which of the following stain is used as counter stain in spore staining?

• A) Safranin
• B) Copper sulphate
• C) Iodine
• D) Methylene blue

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that transcribes __________.

• A) RNA into DNA
• B) DNA into RNA
• C) dsDNA into RNA
• D) dsRNA into DNA

The first step in the virus replication is___.

• A) Uncoating
• B) Maturation
• C) Attachment
• D) Entry

_____________cell culture can be used for the cultivation of viruses.

• A) Bacterial
• B) Plant
• C) Animal
• D) All options are correct