MCQ Bank

Bioaccumulation in phytoremediation commonly refers to the uptake and accumulation of contaminants within plant tissues. Plant species capable of accumulating metals can therefore be used for this purpose.

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Q49

Which of the following technique is used to remediate contamination at, or below, the water table boundary?

A) Injection Recovery
B) Biosparging
C) All of the above
D) Bioventing

AI Explanation

Biosparging introduces air or oxygen below the water table to stimulate aerobic microbial activity and contaminant degradation. It is therefore suited to remediation at or below the water-table boundary.

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Q50

which of the following best describes contaminant?

A) Should not dissolve
B) Rarely available
C) Low to medium toxicity range
D) High toxicity range

AI Explanation

A contaminant is generally a substance present in an environment at an undesirable level and capable of causing harm. In the context of bioremediation, contaminants are often characterized by their potentially high toxicity to organisms or ecosystems.

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Q51

-----speeds up the natural ability of resident microbes to metabolize the pollutant?

A) Removal of oxygen
B) Dissolving oxygen in water
C) All of the above
D) Addition of oxygen

AI Explanation

Adding oxygen can stimulate aerobic microorganisms and increase their ability to metabolize pollutants. Oxygen availability is therefore an important factor in enhancing natural microbial biodegradation.

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Q52

For efficient bioremediation the suitable temperature should be ----------------.

A) -20 ◦C
B) 60-70 ◦C
C) 20-30 ◦C
D) 95 ◦C

AI Explanation

Most microorganisms involved in effective bioremediation have good metabolic activity at moderate temperatures. A temperature range of about 20–30 °C is generally suitable for microbial degradation.

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Q53

Two indica rice cultivars MORETSU and IR-8 are used for extraction of -----------------------.

A) Copper
B) Nickel
C) Cadmium
D) Zinc

AI Explanation

The indica rice cultivars MORETSU and IR-8 have been studied for their ability to take up and accumulate cadmium. Their uptake capacity makes them relevant to phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated environments.

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Q54

In which of the following technique of bioremediation, contaminant is used as a food source by the microbes?

A) Co- metabolism
B) None
C) Immobilization
D) Mineralization

AI Explanation

Mineralization is the microbial breakdown of an organic contaminant into simpler inorganic end products, with the contaminant serving as a substrate or food source. This differs from co-metabolism, where degradation occurs without the contaminant serving as the primary growth substrate.

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Q55

Which of the following technique involves introducing oxygen and nutrients to the contaminated area by various methods?

A) Ex situ techniques
B) Both
C) None
D) In situ Techniques

AI Explanation

In situ bioremediation treats contamination at the original site without excavating or removing the contaminated material. Oxygen and nutrients can be introduced into the contaminated area to stimulate microbial activity and pollutant degradation.

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Q56

-----------plant species can be used as terrestrial phyto-systems.

A) 100
B) 300
C) 400
D) 200

AI Explanation

Approximately 400 plant species have been identified as suitable for use in terrestrial phyto-systems. These plants can help remove, stabilize, or transform contaminants in soil.

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Q57

Bioremediation relies on the inherent abilities and characteristics of following --------- species.

A) Fungi
B) All of the above
C) Plant species
D) Indigenous bacteria

AI Explanation

Bioremediation can rely on the natural abilities of indigenous bacteria, fungi, and plant species. These organisms can degrade, transform, immobilize, or accumulate different environmental contaminants.

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Q58

Some other plants species enable the biodegradation of relatively large--------.

A) Inorganic molecules
B) Organic molecules
C) Heavy metals
D) Soil particles

AI Explanation

Some plant species can enhance the biodegradation of relatively large organic molecules through plant-associated microorganisms and enzymatic processes. This makes them useful in phytoremediation of organic contaminants.

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Q59

Which of the following methods is considered as an effective biological water treatment method?

A) Natural attenuation
B) Bio attenuation
C) Passive remediation
D) All of the above

AI Explanation

Natural attenuation, bioattenuation, and passive remediation are biological approaches that can be used to treat contaminated water under suitable conditions. They rely on natural or enhanced biological processes to reduce contaminant concentrations.

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Q60

Which metal is/are the best candidate for the process of phytoextraction?

A) Nickel
B) Copper
C) All of the above
D) Zinc

AI Explanation

Nickel, copper, and zinc can all be targeted through phytoextraction because certain plants can absorb and accumulate these metals from contaminated soil. Therefore, all three listed metals are suitable candidates.

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Q61

Certain strains of alpine pennycress (Thlaspi caerulescens) can bioaccumulate about_______ cadmium.

A) 1.2%
B) 1.5%
C) 0.2%
D) 1.7%

AI Explanation

Certain strains of alpine pennycress (Thlaspi caerulescens) are highly effective metal hyperaccumulators. They can accumulate cadmium in their tissues at concentrations of approximately 1.7%.

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Q62

Bioremediation works best under the pH range of ------------------.

A) 3.2-4.5
B) 5.0-9.0
C) 1.2-3.2
D) None of the above

AI Explanation

Bioremediation depends on microbial activity, which can occur across a moderately broad pH range. A pH range of about 5.0–9.0 is generally considered suitable for effective biological treatment.

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Q63

The functional biology may be described as a process of_________.

A) Bio augmentation
B) Both a, and b
C) Bioremediation
D) Bio enhancement

AI Explanation

Functional biology in bioremediation can involve bioenhancement, where biological activity is stimulated to improve contaminant degradation. This approach enhances the natural biological processes responsible for remediation.

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Q64

Metal Phytoremediation can be accomplished by the applications of ---------.

A) All of the above
B) Rhizofiltration
C) Bioaccumulation
D) Phytoextraction

AI Explanation

Metal phytoremediation can involve rhizofiltration, bioaccumulation, and phytoextraction. These processes use plants to remove, accumulate, or immobilize metals in contaminated environments.

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Q65

Most significant temperature for bio-remediation is________.

A) 60-70°C
B) 30-40°C
C) 10-20°C
D) 20-30°C

AI Explanation

Most microorganisms involved in bioremediation have effective metabolic activity at moderate temperatures. A temperature range of about 20–30°C is generally considered suitable for efficient bioremediation.

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Q66

All of the following factors affect the process of bioremediation except----------------.

A) Deoxygenation
B) Nutrient availability
C) Type of contaminant
D) None of the above

AI Explanation

Nutrient availability and the type of contaminant are important factors affecting bioremediation. Deoxygenation is not generally identified as a standard beneficial factor in the process, since oxygen availability often supports aerobic biodegradation.

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Q67

There are ---------major routes of Bioremediation.

A) 03
B) 01
C) 02
D) 04

AI Explanation

Bioremediation is commonly divided into two major routes: in situ and ex situ treatment. In situ treatment occurs at the contaminated site, while ex situ treatment involves removing material for treatment elsewhere.