MCQ Bank

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a thrombolytic protein that promotes conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down blood clots. It is used in conditions such as pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and selected strokes.

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Q110

The Varicella vaccine is administered to prevent

A) Mumps
B) Influenza
C) Rubella
D) Chicken pox

AI Explanation

The varicella vaccine protects against varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox. It is a live attenuated vaccine used to prevent varicella infection.

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Q111

____________is also an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and it has more convenient administration and faster thrombolysis than Alteplase.

A) Streptokinase
B) Tenecteplase
C) None of the given
D) Reteplase

AI Explanation

Tenecteplase is an FDA-approved thrombolytic used for acute myocardial infarction. It has convenient administration and can produce faster thrombolysis than alteplase.

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Q112

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is another kind of serine protease protein that is involved in __________________

A) The breakdown of insulin in humans
B) The breakdown of blood clots in humans
C) The breakdown of glycogen in humans
D) The breakdown of RBCs in humans

AI Explanation

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease involved in fibrinolysis. It converts plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down fibrin in blood clots.

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Q113

It has been reported that ___________ has its primary effect on red blood cells by protecting the blood cells from going to the apoptosis pathway.

A) Human growth hormone
B) Blood clotting factor VIII
C) Erythropoietin
D) Tissue plasminogen activator

AI Explanation

Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes the survival and production of red blood cells. It helps protect developing erythroid cells from apoptosis, thereby supporting red blood cell formation.

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Q114

Louis Pasteur generalized Edward Jenner’s idea by developing what he called a__________________, now termed an antitoxin.

A) Herpes simplex vaccine
B) Polio vaccine
C) Sabin and Salk vaccine
D) None of the given

AI Explanation

Louis Pasteur extended Jenner's vaccination concept and developed vaccines against diseases such as rabies and anthrax. None of the listed options correctly identifies the substance described as an antitoxin.

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Q115

Live Attenuated vaccine are used to confer

A) Passively immunity
B) Adaptive immunity
C) Memory induced immunity
D) Innate immunity

AI Explanation

Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of pathogens that stimulate a strong adaptive immune response. They promote immunological memory, providing long-lasting protection against subsequent infection.

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Q116

Which of following statement is correct about erythropoietin (EPO)?

A) EPO can upsurge iron absorption by quashing the hormone hepcidin
B) EPO plays an important role in the wound healing process
C) All of the given
D) EPO plays an important role in neuronal injury

AI Explanation

Erythropoietin has several biological effects beyond stimulating red blood cell production. It can influence iron metabolism and has also been studied for roles in wound healing and protection against neuronal injury.

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Q117

The most stable of all vaccine types are

A) Attenuated vaccines
B) Inactivated vaccines
C) Subunit vaccines
D) DNA vaccines

AI Explanation

Among the listed vaccine types, DNA vaccines are generally considered highly stable because DNA is relatively resistant to degradation. This stability can simplify storage and handling compared with some other vaccine formulations.

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Q118

In the beginning, efforts were made to isolate mRNA for pre and proinsulin from rat islets of Langerhans of pancreas and to synthesize ____________

A) RNA
B) cDNA
C) DNA
D) Protein

AI Explanation

Researchers isolated mRNA for preproinsulin from rat pancreatic islets and used it as a template to synthesise complementary DNA (cDNA). The cDNA could then be used in recombinant DNA approaches for insulin production.

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Q119

Which is used for the treatment of hypopituitary dwarfism and Turner Syndrome?

A) Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
B) Recombinant erythropoietin
C) Recombinant human growth hormone
D) Recombinant blood clotting factor VIII

AI Explanation

Recombinant human growth hormone is used to treat growth hormone deficiency, including hypopituitary dwarfism. It is also used in certain patients with Turner syndrome to promote growth.

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Q120

Which type of “Tetanus Vaccine”?

A) Toxoid vaccine
B) DNA vaccines
C) Inactivated vaccine
D) Attenuated vaccine

AI Explanation

The tetanus vaccine is a toxoid vaccine made from inactivated tetanus toxin. It stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the toxin without causing tetanus.

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Q121

Which one is trade name of erythropoietin produced by r-DNA technology?

A) All of the given
B) Zyrop
C) Betapoietin
D) Shanpoietin

AI Explanation

Zyrop, Betapoietin, and Shanpoietin are trade names associated with recombinant erythropoietin products. These products are produced using recombinant DNA technology.

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Q122

Which one is drawback of DNA vaccine?

A) Efficient activation of cell-mediated and humoral immune systems leading to memory response
B) There is no requirement of specific storage condition like refrigeration of plasmid DNA
C) Long-term exposure of immune system to the antigen
D) The DNA vaccines do little to address pathogenic mechanisms involving carbohydrates

AI Explanation

DNA vaccines can stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses and generally have convenient storage characteristics. However, their ability to address pathogens whose important protective antigens are carbohydrate-based can be limited.

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Q123

Scientists have chemically synthesized DNA sequences for two chains, A and B, of insulin and separately inserted into __________plasmids by the side of _______________gene

A) Two pBR322, β-galactosidase
B) One pBR322, Luciferase
C) Three pBR322, Green fluorescent protein(GFP)
D) Four pBR322, β-galactosidase

AI Explanation

In an early recombinant insulin production strategy, synthetic DNA sequences for the A and B chains were separately inserted into two pBR322 plasmids. The sequences were linked alongside the β-galactosidase gene to facilitate expression of the insulin chains.

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Q124

The basic principle behind blood clotting is that ____________ catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin, which is done by cleaving the single-chain plasminogen into two chains.

A) Human growth hormone
B) Tissue plasminogen activator
C) Erythropoietin
D) Blood clotting factor VIII

AI Explanation

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) catalyses the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin. Plasmin then breaks down fibrin, the structural component of blood clots, enabling fibrinolysis.

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Q125

Which vaccine is developed by Louis Pasteur?

A) Salk vaccine
B) Herpes simplex vaccine
C) Sabin vaccine
D) Rabies vaccine

AI Explanation

Louis Pasteur developed the first successful rabies vaccine in the 1880s. His work demonstrated that weakened infectious agents could be used to induce protective immunity.

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Q126

Researcher ________________was the most successful developer of vaccines in the twentieth century.

A) Frederick Sanger
B) Maurice Hilleman
C) Edward Jenner
D) Louis Pasteur

AI Explanation

Maurice Hilleman was one of the most prolific vaccine developers of the twentieth century. He contributed to the development of numerous important vaccines that protect against major infectious diseases.

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Q127

The erythropoietin EPO plays an important role in____________________

A) The wound healing process
B) None of the given
C) Neuronal injury
D) Red blood cell production

AI Explanation

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that primarily regulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. It stimulates the survival and maturation of erythroid precursor cells.

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Q128

Maurice Hilleman was the most successful developer of _______________in the twentieth century.

A) Antibodies
B) Monoclonal antibodies
C) Insulin
D) Vaccines

AI Explanation

Maurice Hilleman was renowned for developing and contributing to numerous vaccines during the twentieth century. His work helped create vaccines against diseases including measles, mumps, hepatitis B, and others.