MCQ Bank

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) enables the creation of genetically modified animals by transferring a modified somatic-cell nucleus into an enucleated oocyte. This approach can overcome several limitations associated with conventional transgenic techniques.

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Q90

The success of organ transplantation is measured by _________and patient survival. Over 80% of kidney patients and 65% of their grafts survive for _____________years.

A) Organ, five
B) Antibodies, three
C) Monoclonal antibodies, five
D) Autoantibodies, three

AI Explanation

The success of organ transplantation is evaluated by organ and graft function as well as patient survival. The stated figures indicate that over 80% of kidney patients and about 65% of their grafts survive for five years.

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Q91

Pigs seem to meet most of the requirements for an ideal animal donor because:

A) They can be maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions
B) All of the given
C) They are prolific
D) They are anatomically and physiologically similar to humans with organs of appropriate size

AI Explanation

Pigs are considered suitable potential organ donors because they are prolific, can be maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions, and have organs that are anatomically and physiologically similar to humans. Their organs are also generally of an appropriate size for human transplantation.

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Q92

The Immunoglobulin class that can cross placental barrier is_____________

A) IgG
B) IgD
C) IgA
D) IgE

AI Explanation

IgG is the only major immunoglobulin class that can cross the placenta. Maternal IgG provides passive immunity to the developing fetus and newborn during the early period of life.

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Q93

A few shortcomings or disadvantages in the autologous cell transplantation as _______________________________

A) The availability of required cells to be transplanted are found in very low in numbers
B) All of the given
C) The genetic disease-suitable autologous cells are not available
D) The older patients do not have sufficient numbers of autologous cells to be used for cell transplantation

AI Explanation

Autologous cell transplantation can be limited by the availability and quantity of suitable cells. Genetic diseases may also make a patient's own cells unsuitable, and older patients may have fewer viable cells available for transplantation.

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Q94

The life cycle of E. coli is only about____________, there is no problem in generating a million copies of E. coli in a short period of time to be used for inducing insulin production

A) 20 min
B) 50 min
C) 30 min
D) 40 min

AI Explanation

E. coli can reproduce very rapidly under favourable laboratory conditions, with a generation time of approximately 20 minutes. This rapid growth makes it possible to generate large numbers of cells in a relatively short time for recombinant protein production.

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Q95

__________________ is also the hallmark of AIDS, caused by HIV.

A) Immunodeficiency
B) Hypersensitivities
C) All of the given
D) Autoimmunity

AI Explanation

AIDS is characterised by severe immunodeficiency caused by HIV infection and progressive destruction of CD4-positive T cells. This weakens the immune system and increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

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Q96

In recent years, methods to transplant just a part of a ______________have succeeded because it can repair and regenerate itself.

A) Kidney
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Heart

AI Explanation

The liver has a remarkable ability to regenerate after tissue loss. Therefore, living-donor liver transplantation can use only a portion of a healthy donor's liver.

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Q97

T cells recognize a pathogen only after antigens are processed and presented in combination with____________________

A) MHC molecule
B) Antibodies
C) Mast cells
D) B-cells

AI Explanation

T cells recognise antigen fragments only when they are presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This MHC-antigen complex is recognised by the T-cell receptor.

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Q98

Helper T cells function by_______________

A) Secreting antibodies
B) Secreting interferons
C) Secreting cytokines
D) Secreting chemokines

AI Explanation

Helper T cells coordinate immune responses primarily by secreting cytokines. These signalling molecules activate and regulate other immune cells, including B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

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Q99

In medicine the transgenic animals may serve as disease models, knockouts for studies related to

A) Pharmaceutical production
B) Quality trait improvement
C) All of the given
D) Gene function

AI Explanation

Transgenic animals can be used as disease models and as knockout animals to investigate the functions of specific genes. They can also have applications in pharmaceutical production, but gene function is the focus of knockout studies.

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Q100

Which is basic strategy for producing transgenic animals?

A) Loss and gain of function
B) Gain of function
C) Loss of function
D) Complex function

AI Explanation

The basic strategies for producing transgenic animals include gain-of-function approaches, where a new or enhanced gene function is introduced, and loss-of-function approaches, where a gene is disrupted. Both strategies are useful for studying gene function.

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Q101

Which method does not require live transgenic offspring to test for the presence of the desired transgene?

A) None of the given
B) Pronuclear Microinjection
C) Embryonic stem cell mediated transgenesis
D) Retrovirus mediated transgenesis

AI Explanation

Retrovirus-mediated transgenesis can introduce the transgene into embryos, and the presence of the transgene can be detected before obtaining live transgenic offspring. This can allow screening of embryos or early developmental stages.

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Q102

Earlier pituitary-derived hGH was used but later on it was prohibited when found associated with ___________________

A) Tay Sachs Disease
B) Down syndrome
C) Huntington disease
D) Creutzfeldt Jakob disease

AI Explanation

Pituitary-derived human growth hormone was discontinued after transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was linked to contaminated preparations. Recombinant human growth hormone subsequently provided a safer alternative.

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Q103

Which of one is found in the MMR vaccine?

A) Rubella vaccine
B) Mumps vaccine
C) All of the given
D) Measles vaccine

AI Explanation

The MMR vaccine is a combined vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. Therefore, all three listed vaccines are components of MMR.

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Q104

It has been shown that erythropoietin (EPO) can upsurge ____________absorption by quashing the hormone hepcidin.

A) Chloride
B) Iodine
C) Magnesium
D) Iron

AI Explanation

Erythropoietin can promote iron availability by suppressing hepcidin, a hormone that regulates systemic iron balance. Lower hepcidin levels increase intestinal iron absorption and iron release for red blood cell production.

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Q105

Insulin is a peptide hormone consisting of 51 amino acids. Insulin is stored in the form of proinsulin which contains two polypeptide chains, A and B, and is connected with a third peptide C chain. How are many amino acid in A and B CHAIN?

A) A=30, B=21
B) A=21, B=30
C) A=31, B=20
D) A=20, B=31

AI Explanation

Mature human insulin contains 51 amino acids divided between two chains: the A chain has 21 amino acids and the B chain has 30. Thus, when stated as A and B, the correct composition is A=21 and B=30.

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Q106

Of the various forms, the predominant form of hGH is 22 kDa protein of ___________ amino acids with ___________disulfide bonds.

A) 190, two
B) 191, two
C) 193, three
D) 192, three

AI Explanation

The predominant form of human growth hormone (hGH) is a 22 kDa protein consisting of 191 amino acids in its mature form. It contains two disulfide bonds, so the standard biochemical description is 191 amino acids and two disulfide bonds; however, among the provided options, none exactly matches this.

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Q107

Who is the manufacturer of “Espogen” that is trade name of recombinant erythropoietin (EPO)?

A) Cadila Healthcare Ltd.
B) Shantha Biotechnics Ltd.
C) Amgen
D) LG Life Sciences

AI Explanation

Espogen is a trade name for recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) associated with Cadila Healthcare Ltd. It is used to stimulate red blood cell production in appropriate clinical conditions.

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Q108

Which one is a cheaper alternative of tissue plasminogen activator that can be used as a thrombolytic in acute treatment?

A) Streptokinase
B) Reteplase
C) Alteplase
D) Tenecteplase

AI Explanation

Streptokinase is a relatively inexpensive thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots. It has historically been used as a cheaper alternative to tissue plasminogen activator in acute thrombotic conditions.