MCQ Bank

Transgenic animals have important applications in medicine as disease models and knockouts for studying gene function. They can also be engineered to produce pharmaceutical proteins, making all the listed options correct.

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Q50

Allotransplantation refers to

A) Transplantation from a different species
B) Syngeneic transplantation
C) Same individual transplantation
D) Same species transplantation

AI Explanation

Allotransplantation is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs between genetically different individuals of the same species. It differs from xenotransplantation, which involves different species.

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Q51

It has been reported that ________is basically an ideal candidate because it is a relatively simple protein and is therefore relatively easy to manipulate for genetic engineering

A) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
B) Blood clotting factor VIII
C) Growth hormone
D) Insulin

AI Explanation

Insulin is a relatively simple protein and has been extensively studied and manipulated using genetic engineering. Recombinant DNA technology is widely used to produce human insulin for medical treatment.

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Q52

The treatment of primary immunodeficiencies depends on the

A) Antibody infusions
B) Nature of the defect
C) Stem cell transplantation
D) Long-term antibiotics

AI Explanation

Treatment of primary immunodeficiencies depends primarily on the specific immune defect and its severity. Depending on the condition, treatment may involve antibody replacement, antibiotics, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

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Q53

Reported gene ________________produces blue product when it acts on its substrate, and thus cells appear blue. It is helpful for screening, detection, and identification of the transgene containing host cell.

A) Green fluorescent protein(GFP)
B) All of the given
C) Luciferase gene
D) β-glucuronidase gene (GUS)

AI Explanation

The GUS reporter gene encodes β-glucuronidase, which can produce a blue-coloured product when it reacts with an appropriate substrate. This makes it useful for detecting and identifying cells that contain an introduced transgene.

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Q54

Tests for ____________lurking in the recipient’s blood that could cause hyperacute rejection are performed before the transplant to determine who receives a donated organ.

A) HIV
B) HBS Ag
C) HCV
D) None of the given

AI Explanation

Hyperacute rejection is primarily associated with pre-existing antibodies in the recipient against donor antigens, such as ABO blood-group or HLA antigens. HIV, HBsAg, and HCV screening is important for infection safety but does not specifically identify the antibodies responsible for hyperacute rejection.

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Q55

After DNA extraction and selection of suitable gene, the next step is _____________ in the genetic engineering process.

A) Selection of the transformed host
B) Generation of DNA fragments
C) Gene cloning
D) Gene therapy

AI Explanation

After DNA extraction and selection of the desired gene, the gene is typically cloned to produce many copies for further manipulation or expression. Gene cloning is a key step in the genetic engineering process.

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Q56

A few hundred people each year, often children, receive a lobe of a _______________from a family member.

A) Liver
B) Heart
C) Kidney
D) Lungs

AI Explanation

Living-donor liver transplantation can involve transplanting a lobe of the liver from a suitable family member. The liver has the ability to regenerate, making partial liver donation possible.

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Q57

The condition in which immunity works against itself and destroys the person’s immune system called ________________

A) Hypersensitivities
B) Autoimmunity
C) Immunodeficiency
D) All of the given

AI Explanation

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own cells or tissues. This can result in autoimmune diseases and tissue damage.

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Q58

Adaptive immune responses

A) Are specific
B) Cannot be altered
C) Non specific
D) Lack memory

AI Explanation

Adaptive immune responses are highly specific to particular antigens. They also develop immunological memory, allowing faster and stronger responses upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen.

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Q59

More than 325,000 transplants were performed in the United States from 1988 through August 2004. The average number per year is now about ___________

A) 25,000
B) 20,000
C) 15,000
D) 30,000

AI Explanation

More than 325,000 transplants over the stated period correspond to an average of roughly 20,000–25,000 per year. Among the given choices, 25,000 is the intended approximate figure.

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Q60

The use of dermal fibroblasts has been demonstrated to be clinically safe and consequently a viable choice for tissue engineering of ______________

A) Skin
B) Heart
C) Brain
D) Liver

AI Explanation

Dermal fibroblasts are connective-tissue cells found in the dermis and play an important role in skin structure and repair. Their use has therefore been explored extensively in skin tissue engineering.

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Q61

The treatment of primary immunodeficiency depends on the nature of the defect, and may involve __________________

A) Stem cell transplantation
B) All of the given
C) Antibody infusions
D) Long-term antibiotics

AI Explanation

Treatment of primary immunodeficiency depends on the specific immune defect. Depending on the condition, management may include antibody infusions, long-term antibiotics, or stem cell transplantation.

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Q62

It has been reported that ____________immunity is only for a short duration of time, up to several months.

A) Passive
B) Active
C) Cell mediated
D) Humoral

AI Explanation

Passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of preformed antibodies rather than by the body's own immune response. It provides immediate but temporary protection, often lasting only weeks to months.

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Q63

Which strategy is involved for the production of “knockout” mice?

A) All of the given
B) Gain of function
C) Loss of function
D) Complex function

AI Explanation

Knockout mice are produced by disrupting or inactivating a specific gene to study the effects of its absence. This represents a loss-of-function strategy and helps researchers determine the gene's role.

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Q64

Helper T cells express T cell receptors that identify antigens attached to _______________

A) Class-IV MHC molecules
B) Class-II MHC molecules
C) Class-I MHC molecules
D) Class-III MHC molecules

AI Explanation

Helper T cells express CD4 receptors and recognise antigen fragments presented by MHC class II molecules. MHC class II is primarily found on professional antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.

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Q65

Which type of cells isolated from genetically identical individual is known as

A) Xenogeneic cells
B) Isogeneic cells
C) Autogeneic cells
D) Allogeneic cells

AI Explanation

Isogeneic cells are obtained from genetically identical individuals, such as identical twins or genetically identical experimental organisms. Because their genetic makeup is the same, they are useful for studying biological effects without genetic variation.

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Q66

The B cells display the antigenic peptides on their surface of ______________

A) MHC Class-I molecules
B) Neither MHC Class-I molecules nor MHC Class-II molecules
C) Either MHC Class-I molecules or MHC Class-II molecules
D) MHC Class-II molecules

AI Explanation

B cells are professional antigen-presenting cells and display processed antigenic peptides on MHC class II molecules. These complexes are recognised by CD4-positive helper T cells.

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Q67

Following are the common causes for secondary immunodeficiency , except

A) Autosomal recessive disorders
B) Aging
C) Malnutrition
D) Particular medications

AI Explanation

Autosomal recessive disorders are inherited genetic conditions and are generally classified as primary immunodeficiencies when they directly cause immune dysfunction. Secondary immunodeficiencies commonly arise from factors such as aging, malnutrition, infections, or medications.

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Q68

Which type of T-cells that are not attached to MHC receptors?

A) Helper T cells
B) Gamma–delta T cells
C) Killer T cells
D) Cytotoxic T cells

AI Explanation

Gamma–delta T cells have T-cell receptors composed of gamma and delta chains and can recognise certain antigens without conventional MHC presentation. In contrast, most alpha-beta T cells recognise peptide antigens presented by MHC molecules.