MCQ Bank

Adult stem cells are also called somatic stem cells because they are found in developed body tissues. They generally help maintain and repair the tissues in which they reside.

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Q30

Who developed the vaccine against rabies?

A) Edward Jenner
B) Watson & Crick
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Alexander Fleming

AI Explanation

Louis Pasteur developed the first successful vaccine against rabies in the 1880s. His work established an important foundation for modern vaccination and infectious disease prevention.

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Q31

Vaccines play an important role in keeping us healthy. They protect us from serious and sometimes deadly diseases.Which of following statement is correct about vaccine?

A) Killed forms of the microorganisms
B) All of the given
C) Improves the human immune defense system
D) An agent - resembles a disease-causing bacteria

AI Explanation

Vaccines stimulate the immune system by exposing it to an antigen that resembles or comes from a disease-causing microorganism. Depending on the vaccine, this may involve killed or otherwise inactivated forms of microorganisms, helping strengthen immune defence.

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Q32

Proteins by the immune system to target specific foreign object are called.............

A) Antibodies
B) Monoclonal antibodies
C) Antigen
D) Natural Killer cell

AI Explanation

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that specifically recognise and bind to foreign substances such as antigens. This binding helps the immune system neutralise or eliminate the foreign target.

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Q33

___________are mono-specific antibodies as they are made by identical cells that are all clones of a distinctive parent cell

A) Antigen
B) Natural Killer cell
C) Monoclonal antibodies
D) Antibodies

AI Explanation

Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced by clones of a single parent cell. Because they are mono-specific, they recognise and bind to the same specific antigen or epitope.

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Q34

__________gives cells structure on which they need to grow, without them cells are free floating, cannot connect with each other, communicate or form tissue

A) Domain
B) Skeleton
C) None of the given
D) Scafold

AI Explanation

A scaffold provides structural support for cells, allowing them to attach, grow, communicate, and organise into tissues. In tissue engineering, scaffolds can help recreate the physical environment needed for tissue formation.

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Q35

Which is known as Non Insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD) and is characterized by reducing response of body against insulin or relatively reduced insulin secretion by the beta cells?

A) Diabetes mellitus type 2
B) Diabetes mellitus type 1
C) All of the given
D) Gestational diabetes

AI Explanation

Type 2 diabetes was formerly called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is mainly characterised by insulin resistance and, over time, inadequate insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells.

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Q36

It has been reported that RNAi was first noticed in__________

A) Pea plant
B) Petunia plant
C) All of the given
D) Arabidopsis plant

AI Explanation

RNA interference was first observed during experiments involving Petunia plants, where attempts to enhance flower pigmentation unexpectedly caused gene silencing. This phenomenon helped lead to the discovery and understanding of RNAi.

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Q37

Which one technique is not used in the rDNA technology?

A) Restriction enzyme mapping
B) DNA Microarrays
C) RNAi technology
D) Nucleic Acid Hybridization

AI Explanation

RNAi technology is primarily used to silence or reduce the expression of specific genes. Restriction enzyme mapping, DNA microarrays, and nucleic acid hybridization are techniques associated with recombinant DNA and molecular biology workflows.

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Q38

The principal biochemical defect that leads to the development of sickle hemoglobin involves the substitution of _____________ at the sixth position of the b-polypeptide chain.

A) Glycine for Valine
B) Phenylalanine for Lysine
C) Valine for Glutamic acid
D) Proline for Cysteine

AI Explanation

Sickle-cell hemoglobin results from a single amino acid substitution in the beta-globin chain. At the sixth position, valine replaces glutamic acid, producing hemoglobin S and contributing to red blood cell sickling.

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Q39

Major hurdles of insulin production is/are..............

A) Biological activity lost
B) All of the given
C) Improper absorption
D) Delivery of insulin

AI Explanation

Insulin production and therapeutic use involve challenges such as maintaining biological activity, achieving proper absorption, and delivering insulin effectively. These factors are major considerations in developing effective insulin therapies.

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Q40

Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of _________ cells.

A) 150-500
B) 200-250
C) 5-15
D) 50-150

AI Explanation

Human embryos typically reach the blastocyst stage about 4–5 days after fertilization and contain roughly 50–150 cells. At this stage, the embryo has differentiated into the inner cell mass and the surrounding trophoblast layer.

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Q41

In Fragile X Syndrome, there is an unusual mutation in________________

A) Chromosome 15 q 21
B) FMR-1 gene
C) Xq26
D) Chromosome 5 q 3

AI Explanation

Fragile X syndrome is caused by an unusual expansion mutation involving the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. The mutation commonly involves expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat, leading to loss of normal FMR1 function.

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Q42

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of epithelial ion transport caused by mutations in ____________

A) BRCA1
B) CFTR gene
C) BRCA2
D) GABA

AI Explanation

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. CFTR encodes a protein involved in chloride and other ion transport across epithelial cell membranes.

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Q43

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are _______ stem cells

A) Pluripotent
B) Multipotent
C) Unipotent
D) Totipotent

AI Explanation

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into many specialised cell types derived from the three embryonic germ layers. They are obtained from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst.

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Q44

Classical biotechnology starts from …….

A) From Mendle’s work
B) All of the given
C) With discovery of DNA
D) Since Age

AI Explanation

Classical biotechnology has its roots in ancient human practices such as fermentation, food preservation, and selective breeding. Therefore, it began long before the discovery of DNA or Mendel’s work on genetics.

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Q45

Restriction enzymes were discovered by

A) None of the given
B) Berg
C) Smith and Nathans
D) Alexander Fleming

AI Explanation

Restriction enzymes were discovered through work by Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith, and Daniel Nathans. Among the given options, Smith and Nathans is the correct choice.

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Q46

In which type of gene therapy genes or cells are modified outside the body and then transplanted back into the body?

A) Ex vivo somatic gene therapy
B) Germline gene therapy
C) In vivo somatic gene therapy
D) All of the mentioned

AI Explanation

In ex vivo somatic gene therapy, cells are removed from the patient and genetically modified outside the body. The modified cells are then transplanted back into the patient.

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Q47

Which is affected body organ during Pemphigus vulgaris, vitiligo syndrome?

A) Intestine
B) Blood
C) Brain
D) Skin

AI Explanation

Pemphigus vulgaris and vitiligo are conditions that primarily affect the skin. Pemphigus vulgaris causes blistering due to autoimmune attack on skin cell adhesion, while vitiligo causes loss of skin pigmentation.

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Q48

Which method is not used for producing transgenic animals?

A) Adenovirus mediated gene transfer
B) Embryonic stem cell -mediated transfer
C) Liposome mediated DNA transfer into cells and embryos
D) Retrovirus mediated gene transfer

AI Explanation

Transgenic animals are commonly produced using methods such as retroviral or adenoviral gene transfer and embryonic stem-cell-mediated gene transfer. Liposome-mediated DNA transfer into cells and embryos is not a standard method for producing transgenic animals.