The genome size of bacteria:

• A) Always exceeds 10 Mb
• B) Is smaller than viral genomes
• C) Varies in size from very small to very large genomes
• D) Is the same in all bacterial species

Phage display is a technology used to:

• A) Sequence phage genomes
• B) Destroy bacterial cells
• C) Replicate bacterial DNA
• D) Express foreign polypeptides on the surface of phage particles

An application of phage display is to:

• A) Measure DNA replication
• B) Generate target-specific antibodies
• C) Study chromosome structure
• D) Perform gel electrophoresis

The minimal eukaryotic genome is:

• A) The largest genome known
• B) Smaller than many bacterial genomes
• C) Equal to viral genomes
• D) Larger than all bacterial genomes

The most common method used to screen phage display libraries is:

• A) DNA sequencing
• B) Gel electrophoresis
• C) PCR amplification
• D) Biopanning to enrich target-binding phage clones

The release of less amount of Gln could be an indicator of _______ deficiency.

• A) Cl
• B) O2
• C) N2
• D) H2

DNA biosensors are based on the employment of DNA molecule as a________________

• A) Enzyme
• B) Biorecognition element
• C) Electronics
• D) Transducer

Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are ideal candidates as antisense or antigene therapeutic agents and are currently used as powerful tools in molecular biology and in diagnostics due to ___________________________.

• A) Strong Binding
• B) Both B & C
• C) High thermal stability
• D) Resistance to proteases and nucleases

The diploid cell has about ______ micrometers of chromatin.

• A) 75
• B) 150
• C) 90
• D) 100

_________ types of forces are involved in the ssDNA and protein interaction.

• A) 2
• B) 3
• C) 4
• D) 5

Each human diploid cell (containing 23 pairs of chromosomes) has about _______ meters of DNA.

• A) 1.2
• B) 1.8
• C) 3.2
• D) 0.6

Enzymes are employed in DNA based Biosensors to ___________________ of the DNA based biosensors.

• A) Decrease the sensitivity
• B) Increase the sensitivity
• C) Resolution
• D) Immobilization

___________ is a cationic polymer that can form a stable complex with the negatively charged phosphate groups of the DNA.

• A) Avidin
• B) Chitosan
• C) Biotin
• D) Streptavidin

The fluid flow is laminar when the value of Reynolds number (Re) is less than ________.

• A) 4000
• B) 6000
• C) 2000
• D) 8000

_____________ are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and playing a role in gene regulation.

• A) Biotin
• B) Albumin
• C) Histone
• D) Riboflavin

__________ are oligonucleotide hybridization probes that can report the presence of specific nucleic acids in homogeneous solutions.

• A) Molecular Beacons
• B) Aptamers
• C) Biophotonics
• D) Epitope

____________ is a device that can perform the functions of a laboratory on a single chip of only millimetres to a few square centimetres in size.

• A) SELEX
• B) Microfluidics
• C) Lab on a chip
• D) Raman Spectroscopy

_________ is composed of DNA wound 1.65 times around eight histone proteins.

• A) Nucleosome
• B) Nucleolus
• C) Nucleotide
• D) Nucleus

DNA-mediated Current Transport requires ___________ to the base pair stack.

• A) pH
• B) Resistance
• C) Electronic coupling
• D) Temperature

___________ is the technology of manipulating and controlling fluids and particles at micron and submicron.

• A) SELEX
• B) Lab on a chip
• C) Microfluidics
• D) Raman Spectroscopy