MCQ Bank

Stratification is used to improve statistical efficiency, ensure adequate representation of subpopulations, and sometimes allow different procedures across strata. Developing a system for selecting elements instead of using random numbers is not a purpose of stratification.

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Q76

Social researchers do not use a consistent nomenclature to distinguish between the _________ and _____________

A) Scales, Data
B) Data, indexes
C) Scales, indexes
D) None of above

AI Explanation

Social researchers may use the terms scales and indexes somewhat inconsistently, although they have different measurement functions. Both are tools for combining or assessing indicators of social constructs.

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Q77

Statistic is different from Statistics in a sense that:

A) Statistic refer to summary description of a variable in survey sample in numerical form
B) All given options are incorrect
C) Statistics refer to summary description of a variable in survey sample in numerical form
D) Statistic refers to the field of study dealing with data collection and interpretation

AI Explanation

A statistic is a numerical summary describing a characteristic of a sample. Statistics, with an s, refers more broadly to the field concerned with collecting, analysing, interpreting, and presenting data.

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Q78

Coding the visible, surface content in a text is called ___________.

A) Manifest coding
B) Semantic coding
C) Latent Coding
D) Conventional coding

AI Explanation

Manifest coding focuses on the visible and directly observable content of a text. Latent coding, in contrast, focuses on underlying meanings or themes that are not explicitly stated.

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Q79

The purpose of cluster sampling is to sample economically while retaining the characteristics of a ________.

A) Simple random sample
B) Stratified Random Sample
C) Systematic Random Sample
D) Probability sample

AI Explanation

Cluster sampling groups population elements into clusters and then samples clusters to reduce the cost and effort of data collection. It aims to retain many of the useful characteristics of a simple random sample while making sampling more economical.

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Q80

A common error in the reliability and validity of secondary data is _________________.

A) Coding difficulties
B) Non-Reactive Data
C) Data must be adjusted for comparability over time
D) Fallacy of misplaced concreteness

AI Explanation

Secondary data collected at different times may use different definitions, classifications, or measurement methods. Adjusting the data for comparability over time is therefore an important reliability and validity consideration.

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Q81

A_____________________ is the summary description of a given variable in a population

A) Unit of data collection
B) Observation unit
C) Statistic
D) Parameter

AI Explanation

A parameter is a numerical summary describing a characteristic of a population. A statistic, in contrast, describes a characteristic of a sample.

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Q82

It is the opposite of Discriminant Validity

A) Divergent validity
B) Test-retest Reliability
C) Convergent Validity
D) Discriminant Validity

AI Explanation

Convergent validity is generally considered the opposite or complementary concept to discriminant validity. It examines whether measures intended to assess the same construct are strongly related.

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Q83

In the conclusions section of an industry-based case study, the recommended action plan is fully analyzed in terms of its:

A) viability
B) feasibility
C) benefit to the company
D) viability, feasibility, and benefit to the company

AI Explanation

An industry-based case study should evaluate a recommended action plan comprehensively. This includes assessing whether it is viable, feasible to implement, and beneficial to the company.

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Q84

_____________ is considered as a basic and very minimum index of content validity

A) Content validity
B) Construct validity
C) Criterion-related validity
D) Face validity

AI Explanation

Face validity is often considered a basic and minimum form of content validity. It concerns whether a measure appears, on its surface, to assess the intended construct.

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Q85

The scientific requirements of a project call for the operational requirements to be ___________

A) Analytical
B) Practical
C) Theoratical
D) Hypothetical

AI Explanation

The scientific requirements of a project should be translated into operational requirements that can be practically implemented. Practical requirements ensure that the research procedures can be carried out effectively.

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Q86

The great strength of the survey as a primary data collecting approach is its ___________

A) Versatility
B) Hypothesis
C) Data
D) Methodology

AI Explanation

The great strength of surveys as a primary data collection method is their versatility. Surveys can collect many types of information from diverse respondents using different question formats.

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Q87

__________ allows researchers to reach a large audience, to personalize individual messages

A) Electronic interactive media
B) All of Above
C) Non-Interactive Media Non- Electronic interactive media
D) Non-Interactive Media

AI Explanation

Electronic interactive media allow researchers to reach large audiences while also personalizing messages for individual respondents. Examples include online surveys and other interactive digital communication methods.

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Q88

The reliability of a measure indicates the extent to which it is

A) Economical, without bias, and error-free
B) Economical and error-free
C) Economical
D) Error free

AI Explanation

Reliability indicates the consistency and dependability of a measurement, meaning it is relatively free from random measurement error. A reliable instrument should produce stable results under similar conditions.

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Q89

In ______________, one experimental group and one control group can be given the both pretest and the posttest and other two groups will be given only the posttest.

A) Pretest and Posttest Experimental and Control Group Design
B) One Group Pretest-posttest Design
C) Two Groups Posttest-only Design
D) Solomon’s Four Group Design

AI Explanation

Solomon’s Four Group Design uses four groups to assess both treatment effects and possible pretest effects. Two groups receive both pretests and posttests, while the other two receive only posttests.

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Q90

The use of __________ implies a statement of “greater than” or “less than” without stating how much greater or less

A) Ordinal scales
B) Nominal scales
C) Interval Scale
D) Ratio Scale

AI Explanation

Ordinal scales indicate the relative order or ranking of categories, such as greater than or less than, without specifying the exact amount of difference. They show order but do not establish equal intervals between values.

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Q91

From the perspective of purpose of the study, a research can be

A) Explanatory
B) Exploratory
C) Descriptive
D) All of Them

AI Explanation

From the perspective of purpose, research can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory. Each type serves a different purpose in understanding a research problem.

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Q92

Which one is not type of non-probability sampling?

A) Convenience Sampling
B) Purposive Sampling
C) Random sampling
D) Quota Sampling

AI Explanation

Random sampling is a probability sampling method because each population element has a known chance of selection. Convenience, purposive, and quota sampling are non-probability methods.

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Q93

___________ have the power of nominal and ordinal scales plus one additional strength

A) Ordinal scales
B) Ratio Scale
C) Nominal scales
D) Interval Scale

AI Explanation

Interval scales have the properties of nominal and ordinal scales plus the additional strength of equal intervals between values. However, they do not have a true absolute zero.

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Q94

Indexes are often measured at the __________ level.

A) None of above
B) Interval
C) Ratio or Interval
D) Ratio

AI Explanation

Indexes are composite measures formed from multiple indicators and are commonly treated as interval-level or, in some cases, ratio-level measures. The exact level depends on how the index is constructed and interpreted.