Which formula is used to compute a z-score in hypothesis testing?

• A) z = (M – μ)/σM
• B) p = α – β
• C) t = (M – μ)/SM
• D) df = n – 1

Which of the following program offers the ability to calculate power for a wide variety of statistical tests including t-tests, F-tests, and others?

• A) G*Power
• B) F*Power
• C) N*Power
• D) L*power

In ANOVA, the dependent variable should be:

• A) On categorical scale
• B) On nominal Scale
• C) On ordinal Scale
• D) Measured on interval or ratio scale

The numerator of the independent-samples t formula represents:

• A) Degrees of freedom
• B) Mean difference
• C) Pooled variance
• D) Standard error

The null hypothesis for an independent t-test states:

• A) 𝜇₁ = 1
• B) 𝜇₂ = 2
• C) 𝜇₁ – 𝜇₂ ≠ 0
• D) 𝜇₁ – 𝜇₂ = 0

Which assumption in ANOVA can be checked using Levene’s test?

• A) Homogeneity of variance
• B) Independence of observations
• C) Normal distribution
• D) Equality of means

While running ANOVA in SPSS, if the value of Levene’s test is greater than 0.5 then the test will be:

• A) Non-significant
• B) Significant
• C) Random
• D) Non-random

Within-treatments degrees of freedom in two-way ANOVA is:

• A) kA – 1
• B) (kA – 1)(kB – 1)
• C) N – 1
• D) N – K

When a researcher fails to reject a null hypothesis that is known as:

• A) Sampling error
• B) Type I Error
• C) Not an error
• D) Type II Error

In the One-Way ANOVA window, the dependent variable is moved into:

• A) Values box
• B) Dependent List box
• C) Grouping box
• D) Factor box

To do power analysis, which of the following is needed first?

• A) Sample mean
• B) A hypothesis
• C) Confidence interval
• D) Standard deviation

For the independent sample t-test, the parametric techniques assume that the scores are obtained using a ___________from the population.

• A) Measured variable
• B) Non-random sample
• C) Discrete variable
• D) Random sample

Which of the following error occurs when a researcher rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true?

• A) Not an error
• B) Type I Error
• C) Type II Error
• D) Sampling error

When the researcher compares the same sample before and after introducing treatment then he/she is using:

• A) Independent measures research design
• B) Repeated-measures research design
• C) Non-repeated-measures research design
• D) Repeated-measures assumptions

Which is an assumption of independent-sample t-test?

• A) Dependent observations
• B) Independent observations
• C) Skewed populations
• D) Different variances

The t-test does not require any prior knowledge about the:

• A) Objectives
• B) Targeted population
• C) Population mean
• D) Sample size

Another assumption of the t-test is that the population must be:

• A) Randomized
• B) Skewed
• C) Normally distributed
• D) Large

All of the following are the assumptions of the independent-measures t-test, EXCEPT:

• A) The observations within each sample must be independent.
• B) The two populations from which the samples are selected must be normal.
• C) The two populations from which the samples are selected must have equal variances
• D) The selected sample must have unequal variances.

In t-statistics test, the larger the______________, the larger will be the error.

• A) Distribution
• B) Population size
• C) Sample size
• D) Standard deviation

Increasing the number of scores in a sample generally:

• A) Decreases power
• B) Increases power
• C) Reduces effect size
• D) Increases Type II errors