The first step in ANOVA is to determine:

• A) t-value
• B) F-ratio
• C) Degrees of freedom
• D) Total variability for the entire set of data

Independent Sample t-test is a parametric test because it requires ____________about parameters.

• A) Results
• B) Objectives
• C) Assumptions
• D) Samples

The overall t formula (μ₁−μ₂) calculates the:

• A) Standard mean difference
• B) Overall result difference
• C) Sample mean difference
• D) Population mean difference

Increasing the number of scores can ___________the chances of finding a significant treatment effect.

• A) Deviate
• B) Decrease
• C) Not change
• D) Increase

In research $H_1$is used to state____________ statistically.

• A) No hypothesis
• B) Alternate hypothesis
• C) All hypothesis
• D) Null hypothesis

While running Independent Sample T-Test in SPSS, if the data is large then it is preferred:

• A) To give each person a unique ID
• B) To give each person two IDs
• C) Not to give each person a unique ID
• D) To give each person the same ID

If the sample size is________, there are more chances that important relationships or differences can go undetected.

• A) Tentative
• B) Extra large
• C) Too large
• D) Too small

The combined influence of two factors on the dependent variable is called:

• A) Error effect
• B) Interaction effect
• C) Treatment variance
• D) Main effect

The assumption of the independent sample t-test is that the dependent variable is measured at the:

• A) Only interval level
• B) Any of the interval or ratio level
• C) Only ratio level
• D) Only continuous level

What is substituted for σ when population variance is unknown?

• A) Power
• B) Critical value
• C) Sample variance
• D) Effect size

What does a reasonably straight line in a Q-Q plot suggest?

• A) Data entry errors
• B) Equal variances
• C) Independence of variables
• D) Normal distribution

In t-statistics, if the two sets of data come from two completely separate groups of participants. This is called an (a):

• A) Dependent measures research design
• B) Independent research results
• C) Independent measures research design
• D) Dependent flexible research design

Which SPSS option provides histograms and Q-Q plots to assess normality?

• A) Independent-Samples T Test
• B) Explore
• C) Compare Means
• D) Frequencies

In SPSS, why must we “Define Groups” after selecting the grouping variable?

• A) To specify which two groups to compare
• B) To compute mean difference
• C) To create dummy variables
• D) To code missing values

If power is too low in G*Power test, what is likely to happen?

• A) Type I error
• B) Failure to detect a real effect
• C) Smaller variability
• D) More significant results

Which SPSS option provides descriptive statistics and homogeneity of variance test?

• A) Post Hoc menu
• B) Options button
• C) Graphs menu
• D) Transform menu

In one sample t-test usually one standard value is given and researcher compares the ____________ with that standard value.

• A) Sample mean
• B) Population size
• C) Most repeated value
• D) Independent sample

In the independent sample t-test, the dependent variable is always:

• A) Categorical variable
• B) Discrete variable
• C) Separate variable
• D) Continuous variable

Which assumption ensures that measurements from one participant are not influenced by another?

• A) Independence of observations
• B) Normality
• C) Random sampling
• D) Equal variances

When running a two-factor design in ANOVA, the study is called:

• A) Factorial design
• B) Quasi-experiment
• C) Independent samples t-test
• D) One-way ANOVA