MCQ Bank

A good measurement instrument should accurately indicate what it is intended to measure. It should also be efficient and easy to use, making all three characteristics important.

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Q56

____________ is a form of social inquiry that focuses on the way people interpret and make sense of
the experiences and the world in which they live in.

A) Informal research
B) Quantitative research
C) Qualitative research
D) Verbal research

AI Explanation

Qualitative research focuses on how people interpret and make sense of their experiences and the world around them. It commonly uses detailed, non-numerical information such as interviews, observations, and narratives.

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Q57

Which of the following is not an ethical issue in performing lab experiments:

A) Asking demeaning questions
B) Not allowing subjects to withdraw
C) All of the given options
D) Exposing participants to physical or mental stress

AI Explanation

Asking demeaning questions, preventing participants from withdrawing, and exposing them to physical or mental stress are all ethical concerns in laboratory experiments. Therefore, all listed options represent ethical issues rather than a non-ethical issue.

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Q58

impressions, words, sentences, photos, symbols are included in ...............

A) all research types
B) qualitative research
C) quantitative research
D) no research type

AI Explanation

Impressions, words, sentences, photos, and symbols are forms of non-numerical information commonly used in qualitative research. Such material helps researchers understand meanings, experiences, and interpretations.

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Q59

_________________ are the least powerful of the four scales

A) Ratio Scale
B) Interval Scale
C) Nominal scales
D) Ordinal scales

AI Explanation

Nominal scales are the least powerful measurement scales because they only classify or label observations into categories. They do not provide ordering, equal intervals, or a meaningful zero point.

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Q60

In a/an ______________ study, we try to explain relationships among variables

A) Descriptive
B) Intellectual Property
C) Explanatory
D) None of Above

AI Explanation

An explanatory study aims to explain relationships among variables and identify possible causal connections. Descriptive studies, in contrast, primarily describe characteristics or patterns.

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Q61

_______________ is the complete group of specific population elements relevant to the research project

A) Element
B) Sampling
C) Population
D) Target Population

AI Explanation

The target population is the complete group of specific population elements relevant to a research project. It defines the group to which the researcher intends to generalise the findings.

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Q62

Reliability of a measure is an indication of the _________ with which the instrument helps to assess the ‘goodness” of measure

A) None of Above
B) Stability
C) Consistency
D) stability and consistency

AI Explanation

Reliability refers to the stability and consistency of a measurement instrument. A reliable measure produces consistent results when measuring the same construct under similar conditions.

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Q63

Quota sampling can be considered as a form of _______________.

A) Theoretical Sampling
B) Proportionate stratified sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Sequential Sampling

AI Explanation

Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling method in which researchers select participants to fill predetermined quotas. In practice, participants within quota categories are often selected using convenience-based methods.

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Q64

___________________ Individuals selected for the sample are the major means to reducing non-response error

A) Paying
B) Attempts to re-contact
C) Attempts to give awareness to
D) Educating

AI Explanation

Attempts to re-contact individuals who do not initially respond can reduce non-response error. Follow-up contact gives selected participants additional opportunities to provide their responses.

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Q65

_____________ is the ability of an instrument (for example measuring an attitude) to measure what it is supposed to measure.

A) Sensitivity
B) Validity
C) Integrity
D) Reliability

AI Explanation

Validity is the ability of an instrument to measure what it is intended to measure. For example, an attitude scale is valid if it accurately measures the intended attitude.

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Q66

Linear approach (sequential steps) includes in---------

A) qualitative research
B) hypothesis
C) conclusion
D) quantitative research

AI Explanation

Quantitative research commonly follows a linear, sequential approach in which research steps proceed in an ordered manner. It typically moves from problem formulation and hypotheses through data collection and analysis to conclusions.

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Q67

In the stratification process the variable chosen should increase _______ within each stratum and increase ________ between strata.

A) Variability, invariability
B) Invariability, variability
C) Homogeneity, heterogeneity
D) Heterogeneity, homogeneity

AI Explanation

In stratification, each stratum should be as homogeneous as possible internally. At the same time, the strata should be heterogeneous from one another to improve the usefulness of the sampling design.

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Q68

The totality out of which sample is drawn is referred to as ____________

A) Population
B) None of above
C) Community
D) Total Individuals

AI Explanation

The population is the totality of units or individuals from which a sample is drawn. It represents the broader group to which the research findings may be generalised.

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Q69

Units of analysis in a study are typically also the _____________

A) All of above
B) Unit of observation
C) The purpose of the study
D) Time dimension

AI Explanation

The unit of analysis is the entity about which conclusions are drawn, and it is typically also the unit of observation from which data are collected. Examples include individuals, groups, organisations, or households.

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Q70

Research Design can be classified by the approach used to gather _________ data

A) Primary
B) Tertiary
C) All types of
D) Secondary

AI Explanation

Research design can be classified according to the approach used to gather data. Depending on the study, researchers may collect primary, secondary, or other relevant types of data.

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Q71

The critical thing about ___________ measures is that the people being studied are not aware of it but leave evidence of their social behavior or actions naturally.

A) Obstructive
B) Non-reactive
C) Obtrusive
D) Reactive

AI Explanation

Non-reactive measures are designed so that people being studied are unaware that their behaviour is being measured. This allows researchers to examine naturally occurring evidence without influencing participants' behaviour.

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Q72

Which of the following is not a type of observation tool:

A) Experiment
B) Stratification
C) Interview
D) Questionnaire

AI Explanation

Stratification is a sampling technique rather than an observation tool. Experiments, interviews, and questionnaires can all be used as methods or tools for collecting observational or research data.

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Q73

Network, chain referral, or reputational sampling is also called ______.

A) Theoretical Sampling
B) Sequential Sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Snowball Sampling

AI Explanation

Snowball sampling is also known as network or chain-referral sampling. Existing participants help identify or recruit additional participants, making it useful for reaching difficult-to-access populations.

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Q74

In probability, sampling every element in the population has a known _________________.

A) Zero non-probability of selection
B) Non-zero non-probability of selection
C) Non-zero probability of selection
D) Zero probability of selection

AI Explanation

In probability sampling, every element in the population has a known non-zero probability of being selected. This principle allows researchers to estimate sampling error and make statistical generalisations.