_______ resemble individual organisms in their degree of internal organization, and may similarly behave as units in their patterns of distribution.

• A) Communities
• B) Climates
• C) Ecosystems
• D) Succession

Scottish journalist _____ published a book, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation.

• A) Lamarck
• B) Robert Hook
• C) Robert Chambers
• D) Robert Brown

Croizat published a book named _____ based on the idea of dispersal.

• A) biogeography
• B) geography
• C) Panbiogeography
• D) ecology

The first person to realize that “similar environments, found in different regions of the world, contained different groupings of organisms is _____ law.

• A) Aristotle
• B) Charles
• C) Darwin
• D) Buffons

many of the mammals of North America, such as bears, deer, squirrels, hedgehogs and moles, were found also in _____.

• A) Alaska
• B) Eurasia
• C) America
• D) Europe

High mountain chains, expanses of water or areas of arid desert may confine a species to _____ region.

• A) different
• B) warm
• C) humid
• D) particular

Georg Forster was the son of _____________.

• A) Johann Reinhold Forster
• B) None of the above
• C) Augustin de Candolle
• D) Joseph Banks

______ of the continents and islands of the Southern Hemisphere, and had suggested that these might be explained partly by the dispersal of floating seeds.

• A) none
• B) Both a and b
• C) Flora
• D) Fauna

A species that exists as a series of subspecific forms is termed a ______ Species.

• A) complex
• B) Polytypic
• C) none
• D) Monotypic

______ provides a rigorous methodology for analysing the patterns of evolutionary relationship between the different members of a group.

• A) naturalist
• B) cladistics
• C) biologist
• D) evolutionist

The species diversity increasing by a factor of ____ for every doubling of island area.

• A) 16
• B) 10
• C) 14
• D) 12

The species o _____ is found south of the River Congo and is hence separated from other chimpanzees by a formidable barrier to movement.

• A) chimpanzee
• B) sea gull
• C) herring gull
• D) bonobo

_____ recognized latitudinal gradients of diversity.

• A) Candolle
• B) Forster
• C) Linnaeus
• D) Humboldt

Danish botanist Joakim Schouw was the first to classify the world’s _____ and show the results on maps.

• A) both a and b
• B) fauna
• C) none
• D) flora

British geologist ______ argued that many lines of evidence suggested that the Earth must be many millions of years old.

• A) Hook
• B) Darwin
• C) Lamarck
• D) Lyell

Hekistotherms live in the _____ regions.

• A) southern
• B) polar
• C) arctic
• D) northern

According to _______, distribution of plants was closely linked to climate.

• A) geologist
• B) paleontologist
• C) ecologist
• D) botanist

To understand underlying patterns of distribution of organisms on our planet, ____ of species must be known.

• A) nature
• B) complexity
• C) diversity
• D) all

____is the demands that an organism places on its environment in terms of physical and chemical conditions, space and food supply.

• A) Habitat
• B) Temporal
• C) Space
• D) Niche

What are the plants and animals called that are confined to limited geographical area _______?

• A) Cosmopolitan
• B) Epidemic
• C) Endemic
• D) Endangered