MCQ Bank

There are two basic rules for code construction. First, the coding categories should be_________. Second, the coding categories should also be________.

A) Internal, external
B) Intensive, extensive
C) Blended, extended
D) Exhaustive, mutually exclusive

AI Explanation

Coding categories should be exhaustive so that every possible response can be assigned to a category. They should also be mutually exclusive so that each response fits into only one category.

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Q16

The in-house editor’s task is to ensure that inconsistent or contradictory responses are _________.

A) Adjusted
B) Calculated
C) Increased
D) Changed

AI Explanation

The in-house editor checks responses for inconsistencies and contradictions. Such responses are adjusted or corrected where appropriate so the data are suitable for analysis.

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Q17

The _________ contingency table is widely used. These tables are based on cross-tabulation.

A) Trivariate
B) Bivariate
C) Univariate
D) Percentage

AI Explanation

Bivariate contingency tables are widely used and are based on cross-tabulation. They show the relationship between two variables by displaying their categories together.

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Q18

In experiments, pretests and posttests measure ______ variable.

A) Y
B) Z
C) A
D) X

AI Explanation

In experimental research, pretests and posttests commonly measure the dependent variable, conventionally represented as Y. The independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect on Y.

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Q19

When early reviewing of the data is not possible, ________ is done.

A) Editing for Completeness
B) Editing for Consistency
C) In-House Editing
D) Coding

AI Explanation

When early review of data in the field is not possible, in-house editing is conducted after the completed questionnaires or data are received. It allows editors to check completeness, consistency, and other data-quality issues.

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Q20

The purpose of experimental research is to allow the researcher to control the research situation so that causal relationships among _____ may be evaluated.

A) Experiments
B) Variables
C) Partials
D) Dependents

AI Explanation

Experimental research is designed to examine causal relationships among variables. By controlling the research situation and manipulating selected variables, researchers can evaluate their effects on other variables.

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Q21

The researchers have created numerous _______ and ________ to measure social phenomenon.

A) Variables, constants
B) Scales, indexes
C) Editing, coding
D) Data analysis, data transformation

AI Explanation

Researchers have developed numerous scales and indexes to measure social phenomena. These tools help quantify concepts and constructs that may not be directly observable.

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Q22

A/An __________ is a measure in which a researcher adds or combines several distinct indicators of a construct into a single score.

A) Variable
B) Scale
C) Indicator
D) Index

AI Explanation

An index combines several distinct indicators of a construct into a single score. This provides a composite measure that represents the overall construct.

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Q23

Response of the ______ are measured to the experimental treatments.

A) Dependent variables
B) Posttest
C) Pretest
D) Test units

AI Explanation

Test units are the subjects or entities exposed to experimental treatments. Their responses are measured to determine the effects of those treatments.

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Q24

A famous software used for data presentation known as SPSS stands for………………….

A) Statistical Package for the Statistical Sciences
B) Statistical Program for the Social Sciences
C) Sociological Package for the Statistical Sciences
D) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

AI Explanation

SPSS traditionally stands for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. It is widely used for statistical analysis, data management, and data presentation in social science research.

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Q25

____________ refers to a body of facts that are in a format suitable for decision making, whereas _______ are simply recorded measures of certain phenomenon.

A) Information, data
B) Data, information
C) Project, information
D) Project, data

AI Explanation

Information refers to facts that have been processed or organised into a form suitable for decision making. Data are recorded measurements or observations of particular phenomena.

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Q26

______________ is the process of changing data from their original form to a format that is more suitable to perform a data analysis.

A) Data transformation
B) Data pruning
C) Data collection
D) Data analysis

AI Explanation

Data transformation is the process of changing data from their original form into a format more suitable for analysis. It can involve recoding, combining, or restructuring variables.

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Q27

For the presentation of data, tables are frequently constructed in research. Which of the following is not part of tables?

A) Regression
B) Number
C) Title
D) Marginals

AI Explanation

Regression is a statistical analysis technique rather than a standard component of a research table. Number, title, and marginals are commonly associated with the construction and presentation of tables.

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Q28

Some common types of graphic presentations are ________________.

A) bar chart
B) histograms, bar chart, and pie chart
C) histograms
D) bar chart and pie chart

AI Explanation

Histograms, bar charts, and pie charts are common forms of graphical data presentation. They help researchers display patterns, comparisons, and distributions visually.

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Q29

______________ refers to making inferences pertinent to the meaning and implications of the research investigation and drawing conclusions.

A) Presentation of data
B) Analysis of data
C) Interpretation of data
D) Schedule of data

AI Explanation

Interpretation of data involves drawing meaning and implications from the findings of a research investigation. It allows researchers to make relevant inferences and formulate conclusions based on the analysis.

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Q30

Researchers read percentage tables to make_____________.

A) Comparisons
B) Graphs
C) Results
D) Standards

AI Explanation

Percentage tables are commonly read to compare values across categories or groups. Percentages make differences and relationships easier to identify than raw counts alone.

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Q31

The final stage in the coding process is _______.

A) data cleaning
B) data synchronization
C) data editing
D) data analysis

AI Explanation

Data analysis is the final stage after coding and preparation of the data. Once responses have been coded, the coded information can be analysed to obtain meaningful findings.

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Q32

In some cases, the respondent may have answered only the second portion of a two-part question. This type of editing is called _________.

A) In-House Editing
B) Editing for Completeness
C) Editing for Consistency
D) Editing Questions Answered out of Order

AI Explanation

Editing for completeness checks whether all necessary portions of a questionnaire have been answered. If only one part of a two-part question is answered, the editor identifies the missing portion during this process.

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Q33

Pretests and posttests are performed to measure _______ during an experiment.

A) Moderating variable
B) Independent variable
C) Extraneous variable
D) Dependent variable

AI Explanation

Pretests and posttests measure the dependent variable to determine whether the experimental treatment produced a change. The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated by the researcher.

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Q34

Pretests and posttests are performed to measure _______ variable during an experiment:

A) Dependent
B) Extraneous
C) Moderating
D) Independent

AI Explanation

The dependent variable is measured before and after an experimental treatment to assess its effect. Pretest and posttest measurements therefore focus on the dependent variable.