is the abstract idea, underlying theme, or subject matter that one wishes to measure using survey questions.

• A) Construct
• B)
• C)
• D)

Survey, preliminary notifications, and follow ups are used __________.

• A) To reduce response rate
• B) In computer aided questionnaires
• C) In computer aided interviews
• D) To increase response rate

It is a statement about the concept that may be judged as true or false if it refers to observable phenomena.

• A) Proposition
• B)
• C)
• D)

If, after pilot testing, a researcher finds that questionnaire is unable to reveal all the facts the researcher needed. Which type of following error is expected if questionnaire is not modified?

• A) Research may lose it focus
• B) Data analysis may get wrong
• C) Respondents may lose interest
• D) Sampling issues may arise

__________ reviews are focused on examining research throughout a period, often starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature, then tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline.

• A) Historical
• B)
• C)
• D)

Which one of the following aspect needs to be evaluated during “Pilot Testing”?

• A) Reactions of Respondents
• B) Discovering errors in the instrument
• C) All of the given options
• D) Sampling procedure can be checked

Which of the following can be referred to as a 'Concept'?

• A) a key idea/ a key word
• B)
• C)
• D)

_________ allows researchers to reach a large audience digitally.

• A) Non interactive media
• B) All of the given options
• C) Electronic interactive media
• D) Human interactive media

Which of the following variables may have some effects upon a dependent variable but yet is not an independent variable?

• A) Extraneous variable
• B)
• C)
• D)

________ is a measure in which the researcher captures the intensity of a variable construct.

• A) Scale
• B) Combining
• C) Collapsing
• D) Index

Literature reviews must be searched with the help of:

• A) keywords
• B)
• C)
• D)

If we compare the average grades of students of management sciences, mathematics, statistics, and sociology then the unit of analysis will be:

• A) Group of organizations
• B) Group
• C) Organization
• D) Individual

Which of the following can be referred to as a concept?

• A) A key idea about any object
• B)
• C)
• D)

In stratified sampling, strata are:

• A) Externally homogenous
• B) Externally heterogeneous
• C) None of the given option
• D) Internally heterogeneous

The elaboration of the variables in the theoretical framework addresses which type of questions?

• A) Both of the given options
• B)
• C)
• D)

Which of the following is a measure in which a researcher adds or combines several distinct indicators of a construct into a single score?

• A) Scale
• B) Index
• C) Weighting
• D) Unidimensionality

The main purpose of _______ is to link theoretical and empirical elements of a research project.

• A) Conceptual framework
• B)
• C)
• D)

Which of the following best defines the population element/unit of study?

• A) Some selected elements from a population through which we can draw conclusions about all population
• B) The count of all elements in a population
• C) The subject on which the measurement is being taken
• D) The total collection of elements about which we wish to make some inferences

The first step in development of theoretical framework is:

• A) to make an inventory of variables
• B)
• C)
• D)

Which of the following is not something a researcher will have to consider when thinking about their sample size?

• A) Heterogeneity of population.
• B) Time and cost.
• C) Homogeneity of population.
• D) Length of questionnaire.