Who among the following believed that consciousness developed as a result of collective labor?

• A) Freud
• B) Adler
• C) Vygotsky
• D) Jung

How many styles of leadership were recognized by Kurt Lewin?

• A) Four
• B) Five
• C) Three
• D) Two

Edward Tolman is also called a ______________ behaviorist.

• A) Objective
• B) Empirical
• C) Motivational
• D) Purposive

Mad or mentally ill were regarded as witches and wizards, and instead of treating them they were tortured and some were burnt to death in which of the following eras?

• A) In 14th and the 15th century
• B) In 20th century
• C) Prevalent till present day
• D) Up to the 14th and the 15th century

Karl Lashley postulated that parts of the cortex have identical potential to make the brain work properly. Among the followings, which term we use to describe the above mention concept?

• A) Principle of equi-potentiality
• B) Principle of generalization
• C) Principle of phenomenology
• D) Principle of mass action

Clark Hull was basically a:

• A) Biologist
• B) Physicist
• C) Mathematician
• D) Sociologist

A child is rewarded after a week if his room is cleaned seven days a week.

• A) Variable ratio schedule
• B) Variable interval schedule
• C) Fixed interval schedule
• D) Fixed ratio schedule

Which of the followings refers to the mindset of the observer?

• A) Unconscious field
• B) Geographical field
• C) Conscious field
• D) Field of experience

Which of the following is also known as an antagonist of his contemporary and fellow neurologist Jean Charcot?

• A) Jean Charcot
• B) James Braid
• C) Bernheim
• D) Franz Mesmer

Which of the following argued that consciousness originates as a result of sensitivity to certain stimuli?

• A) Vygotsky
• B) Jung
• C) Rubenstein
• D) Adler

Skinner developed the basic concept of which of the following?

• A) Classical conditioning
• B) Conditioned reinforcement
• C) Operant conditioning
• D) Trial-and-Error learning

Köhler is best known for his experiments with problem-solving in:

• A) Cats
• B) Dogs
• C) Apes
• D) Pigeons

To whom Freud was impressed for using hypnotism?

• A) Charles Darwin
• B) Charcot
• C) Alfred Adler
• D) Carl Rogers

According to Freud, which element of personality expresses the unconscious urges?

• A) Ego
• B) Id
• C) Superego
• D) Persona

If you see many dots close to each other, and then some dots separated, you see the closely located dots as one group of gestalt. This concept is known as what?

• A) Proximity
• B) Closure
• C) Continuity
• D) Similarity

In Mesmer's point of view, which force's imbalances makes a person mad or insane?

• A) Animal magnetism
• B) Human spirit
• C) Inner energy
• D) Hypnotism force

Which of the following field of Psychology tried to see how consciousness developed and role it played in different historical stages of man’s development?

• A) Historico-Evolutionary
• B) Developmental
• C) Psychoanalytical
• D) Forensic

When you touch something hot, in Alexei Leontiev view, it is:

• A) Common stimulus
• B) Simple stimulus
• C) Symbolic stimulus
• D) Ordinary stimulus

Who among the following is the founder of Psychoanalysis?

• A) Carl Rogers
• B) Charles Darwin
• C) Alfred Adler
• D) Sigmund Freud

which of the following neurologist is contemporary and fellow to Bernheim?

• A) James Braid
• B) Sameul Tuke
• C) Jean Charcot
• D) Franz Mesmer