Which of the following is NOT a main goal of the operant approach for treating pain?

• A) Maintain the use of painkillers that a patient's physician originally prescribed
• B) None of the given options
• C) Reduce the patient's reliance on medication
• D) Change the consequences of pain behaviors to reduce the patient's disability

The actions called as pain behaviors are moaning, grimacing, or limping.

• A) False
• B) True
• C)
• D)

Increases in cortisol and ___________ are associated with decreased activity of T cells and B cells against antigens.

• A) Epinephrine
• B) Serotonin
• C) GABA
• D) Acetylcholine

______________ stems from benign causes and is characterized by repeated and intense episodes of pain separated by periods without pain.

• A) Chronic-progressive benign
• B) Chronic-intractable-benign
• C) Chronic-recurrent pain
• D) Chronic-progressive pain

Faiza takes special care to disguise the disability caused by her disease. Faiza is doing:

• A) Normalizing
• B) Voicing
• C) Disguising
• D) Treatment

Pain that receives or requires professional treatment is called ________ pain.

• A) Nociceptic
• B) Algogenic
• C) Very acute
• D) Clinical

An illness that will result in the patient’s death (she or he will not recover) is:

• A) Acute
• B) Ordinal
• C) Terminal
• D) General

Which of the following system is the body's means of guarding against foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses and carcinogenic substances?

• A) Endocrine system
• B) Cardiovascular system
• C) Immune system
• D) Nervous system

Systematic desensitizing is a type of _______ conditioning.

• A) Classical Conditioning
• B) Vicarious Reinforcement
• C) Operant Condition
• D) Direct Reinforcement

Spinal cord injury refers to __________ damage in the spine from disease or injury; if the lower portion of the cord is severed, __________ results.

• A) Neurological; paraplegia
• B) Vertebra; paraplegia
• C) Vertebra; quadriplegia
• D) Neurological; quadriplegia

Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

• A) Distancing is emotion-focused way of coping stress
• B) Seeking social support can not be emotion-focused way of coping stress
• C) Escape-avoidance is emotion-focused way of coping stress
• D) Confrontive coping is a problem-focused way of coping stress

Which of the following causes the pancreas to decrease the insulin production in diabetes?

• A) Acetylcholine
• B) Steroid
• C) Epinephrine
• D) Nor epinephrine

There is a ______ link between exercise and depression.

• A) Longitudinal
• B) Direct
• C) Indirect
• D) Co-relational

Serious illness may result in less negative outcomes if the person experiencing the illness is high on:

• A) Optimism
• B) Realism
• C) Anger
• D) Anxiety

Women tend to use their ______ more effectively in relation to men.

• A) Temperament
• B) Social Support
• C) Ability
• D) Education

A person uses heroin to cope up with his problems. This is known as:

• A) Cognitive Redefinition
• B) Escape-Avoidance
• C) Distancing
• D) Emotional Discharge

Which of the following refers to the afferent nerve endings in a damaged region of the body that respond to pain stimuli and signal injury?

• A) Nociceptors
• B) Preceptors
• C) Mechanoreceptors
• D) Receptors

Which of the following is NOT a type of pain behavior?

• A) Avoidance of activity
• B) Facial or audible expression of distress
• C) Distorted ambulation or posture
• D) Reading a book

Which of the following is a respiratory disorder involving recurrent episodes of impaired breathing when the airways become obstructed?

• A) Pneumonia
• B) Fever
• C) Asthma
• D) Flu

Which type of psychosocial treatment for chronic tension-type (muscle-contraction) headache is very effective in reducing pain?

• A) Biofeedback
• B) Placebo biofeedback
• C) Both biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation
• D) Progressive muscle relaxation