In classical conditioning, an unlearned, inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is known as what?

• A) Conditioned stimulus
• B) Unconditioned response
• C) Unconditioned stimulus
• D) Conditioned response

Jean Piaget introduced four stages of child’s cognitive development.

• A) True
• B)
• C)
• D)

These are the factors which affect the academic success of a child, EXCEPT:

• A) Peer Influences
• B) Poverty
• C) Peer influence
• D) Charismatic attitude

Who thinks that self-talk plays an important role by making children plan and guide them?

• A) Piaget; Vygotsky
• B)
• C)
• D)

Social cognitive theory proposes that there are two major types of learning i.e. vicarious and ___________.

• A) Instinctive
• B) Enactive
• C) Conditioning
• D) International

A teacher should ______________ self-talk among students.

• A) encourage; disregard; discourage; ignore
• B)
• C)
• D)

Feature analysis is also known as:

• A) Bottom up processing
• B) Bottom right processing
• C) Bottom left processing
• D) Bottom down processing

Vygotsky believe that a child learns by a dialogue and _________________ with other members of society.

• A) Emotion; Interaction; Challenge; Action
• B)
• C)
• D)

Token reinforcement is NOT suitable in which of the following conditions?

• A) To motivate students
• B) To control behavior
• C) To manipulate others
• D) To encourage students

The theory proposed by Vygotsky is termed as:

• A) Cognitive Theory; Developmental Theory; Sociocultural Theory; Biological Theory
• B)
• C)
• D)

If you are discussing your issue with your mate and at the same time a solution popped into your head is an example of which of the following?

• A) Heuristics
• B) Analogical thinking
• C) Verbalization
• D) Working backward strategy

Life expectancy of cancer patients’ ___________ by using positive self-talk.

• A) decreases; increases; remains same; minimizes
• B)
• C)
• D)

All children in day care center would like to play with cars, therefore all children like cars. This is an example of:

• A) Inductive reasoning
• B) Deductive reasoning
• C) Discovery reasoning
• D) Expository reasoning

Children learn by imitation and the process of internalization occurs as proposed by Vygotsky.

• A) True
• B)
• C)
• D)

Ali studies the architect, textiles and paintings of Pakistani culture. He is probably studying ___________ culture.

• A) Non-material
• B) Solid
• C) Material
• D) Physical

refers to the force that acts on or within an individual to initiate and direct behaviour

• A) Motivation
• B)
• C)
• D)

Amir believes that as he is a boy he should express aggressiveness whenever and wherever it is needed. This reflects Amir’s:

• A) Gender Constancy
• B) Gender Bias
• C) Gender Schema
• D) Gender Role Identity

_________________studies describe the nature of the observed phenomenon.

• A) Descriptive
• B)
• C)
• D)

Bandura believed that human functioning is a product of the mutual interaction of environment, person, and __________.

• A) Heredity
• B) Behavior
• C) Learning
• D) Cognition

Which of the following part of the brain is involved in learning and forming new memories?

• A) Hippocampus
• B)
• C)
• D)