In special relativity, the factor $\gamma$ is defined as:

• A) $${\text{ }}\gamma = \sqrt {1 - {{\left( {{\text{v}}/c} \right)}^2}}$$
• B) $${\text{ }}\gamma = 1 - {\left( {{\text{v}}/c} \right)^2}$$
• C) $${\text{ }}\gamma = \frac{1}{{\sqrt {1 - {{\left( {{\text{v}}/c} \right)}^2}} }}$$
• D) $${\text{ }}\gamma = \frac{1}{{\sqrt {1 + {{\left( {{\text{v}}/c} \right)}^2}} }}$$

The relation between the radius of curvature and the focal length of a spherical mirror is given by:

• A) $f=R^2$
• B) $f={R\over2}$
• C) $f=R$
• D) $f=2R$

Who proposed that light striking a surface was made of packets called quanta?

• A) Maxwell
• B) Planck
• C) Aether
• D) Einstein

Which method(s) of heat transfer can take place in vacuum?

• A) Convection
• B) Radiation
• C) Conduction
• D) Conduction & Convection

Which property of light causes the formation of Newton's rings?

• A) Diffraction
• B) Interference
• C) Reflection
• D) Refraction

Heat has the same units as:

• A) Temperature
• B) Work
• C) Heat capacity
• D) Energy/time

A solid of mass 2 kg is initially at its melting point. To completely melt the solid, how much heat is required, given the latent heat of fusion is 3.34×105 J/kg?

• A) 6.68 × 105 J
• B) 5.01 × 105 J
• C) 1.67 × 105 Js
• D) 3.34 × 105 J

In constructing a thermometer it is NECESSARY to use a substance that:

• A) Undergoes some change when heated or cooled
• B) Expands linearly with rising temperature
• C) Will not freeze
• D) Will not boil

During a process, a gas absorbs 150 J of heat and does 100 J of work. What is the change in the internal energy of gas?

• A) 150 J
• B) 100 J
• C) 250 J
• D) 50 J

Evidence that a gas consists mostly of empty space is the fact that:

• A) Gases are transparent
• B) Gases exert pressure on the walls of their containers
• C) Heating a gas increases the molecular motion
• D) The density of a gas becomes much greater when it is liquefied

The value of Wien’s constant is given as______.

• A) 2.9х10-5 mK
• B) 2.9х10-3 mK
• C) 2.9х10-3 K
• D) 2.9х10-5 K

An electron (m = 9.11×10-31kg) has a speed of 0.95c. Its kinetic energy is:

• A) 2.2×10-13J
• B) 2.0×10-13J
• C) 1.8×10-13J
• D) 8.2×10-14J

Which of the following has the highest disorder in terms of particle arrangement?

• A) Gas
• B) Solid
• C) Plasma
• D) Liquid

In the context of thermodynamics, the term "adiabatic" refers to a process in which:

• A) No work is done on or by the system.
• B) No heat is exchanged with the surroundings.
• C) The system's internal energy is constant.
• D) The temperature remains constant.

The unit of thermal conductivity might be:

• A) C?/ (cal•cm•s)
• B) Cal/ (cm•s•C?)
• C) Cal•s/ (cm•C?)
• D) Cal•cm/(s•C?)

The center of Newton ring is dark due to:

• A) Diffraction
• B) Polarization
• C) Constructive interference
• D) Destructive interference

What happens to the internal energy of a substance when it is heated at constant volume?

• A) Decreases
• B) Remains constant
• C) Increases
• D) Cannot be determined

If the mass of a particle is zero its speed must be: (C represents the velocity of light)

• A) Infinite
• B) Any speed less than C
• C) C
• D) 0

What will be the energy associated with the photon, if it has a frequency of 5×1014 Hz. [Hint: Planck's constant (h) = 6.63×10−34 J·s]

• A) 3.313×10−48 J/s
• B) 3.313×10−30 J
• C) 3.313×10−14 J
• D) 3.313×10−20 J

The speed of light is generally faster in a medium with:

• A) Changing the refractive index
• B) Constant refractive index
• C) A higher refractive index
• D) A lower refractive index