When two objects come to common temperature, the body is said to be in:

• A) Dynamic equilibrium
• B) Thermal equilibrium
• C) Rotational equilibrium
• D) Static equilibrium

A basic postulate of Einstein’s theory of relativity is:

• A) Light has both wave and particle properties
• B) Moving rods are shorter than when they are at rest
• C) The laws of physics must be the same for observers moving with uniform velocity relative to each other
• D) Moving clocks run more slowly than when they are at rest

Which color of light has the shortest wavelength in the visible spectrum?

• A) Blue
• B) Red
• C) Violet
• D) Green

What does the coefficient "α" represent, in the context of material expansion?

• A) The change in volume per unit temperature.
• B) The initial length of the rod.
• C) The change in length per unit temperature.
• D) The shape distortion of metals.

On the Centigrade scale, what do the two fixed points (0 and 100) correspond to?

• A) The freezing and boiling points of water.
• B) The volume and pressure of the gas.
• C) The absolute zero points of different gases.
• D) The two ends of the rubber tube.

Path variables in thermodynamics refer to:

• A) Process-dependent values.
• B) Internal energy-related variables.
• C) Initial and final state determinants.
• D) Heat transfer descriptors.

What does the study of statistical mechanics aim to predict?

• A) Individual molecule properties
• B) Chemical reactions
• C) Atomic behaviors
• D) Macroscopic properties from individual molecules

According to the special theory of relativity:

• A) A rod moving rapidly side ways is shorter along its length
• B) All forms of energy have mass-like properties
• C) Momentum is not conserved in high speed collisions
• D) Moving particles lose mass

If 2.5 calories of heat are used to lift a weight, how much mechanical work is done, assuming all the heat is converted into work? (Hint: 1 cal = 4.186 Joule)

• A) 5.6 J
• B) 8.36 J
• C) 10.46 J
• D) 9.14 J

How does polishing a surface affect its reflection properties?

• A) It reduces diffusiveness.
• B) It changes the color of the surface.
• C) It increases diffusiveness.
• D) It makes the surface transparent.

What is the name of the relationship between the peak wavelength for a blackbody radiator and its temperature?

• A) Snell's Law
• B) Young's Law
• C) Stefan-Boltzmann Law
• D) Wien's Law

According to the theory of relativity:

• A) Momentum is not conserved in high speed collisions
• B) None of these are true
• C) The speed of light must be measured relative to the ether
• D) Moving clocks run fast

The SI unit to measure heat energy is:

• A) Kelvin
• B) Joule
• C) Watt
• D) Calorie

Considering the components of a telescope, which part is primarily responsible for collecting light from distant objects?

• A) Eyepiece
• B) Objective lens
• C) Focusing knob
• D) Diaphragm

2dSinθ = mλ is called:

• A) Refraction equation
• B) Laplace’s equation
• C) Bragg equation
• D) Reflection equation

In which medium does light travel the fastest?

• A) Water
• B) Air
• C) Vacuum
• D) Glass

Which of the following statement best describes heat capacity?

• A) Amount of heat requird to rise the temperature by 1 oC.
• B) The ability of a body to retain heat.
• C) Resistance of a body to temperature change.
• D) Heat needed to melt a substance.

If an ideal gas is heated, what happens to the frequency of collisions of its molecules with the container walls?

• A) Decreases
• B) Increases
• C) Remains the same
• D) Becomes zero

The rest mass of photon is:

• A) Zero
• B) Infinite
• C) 3 × 108 kg
• D) 1.6 × 10-27 kg

When light passes from air to glass, it bends:

• A) toward the normal without changing speed
• B) toward the normal and speeds up
• C) toward the normal and slows down
• D) away from the normal and slows down