Theory Y assumes that people inherently:

• A) Work to satisfy hygiene factors
• B) Want to work and exercise self-direction
• C) Avoid responsibility and need to be closely controlled
• D) Need satisfaction of need to belong more than anything else

A theory that suggests that employees compare their inputs to outcomes ratio from a job to the input to outcomes ratio of relevant others is known as which of the following?

• A) Equity theory
• B) Reinforcement theory
• C) Action motivation
• D) Goal setting

Which of the following factor represent the belief that I will achieve the outcomes if I complete the certain actions?

• A) Expectancy
• B) Valence
• C) Instrumentality
• D) Performance

Mr. Ali is working in ABC Company, he takes risks and accepts challenging tasks as an opportunity and believes on moderate probability of success. This represents which of the following?

• A) Need for affiliation
• B) Need for power
• C) Need for fulfilment
• D) Need for achievement

Which 'expectancy theory linkage' explains the degree to which a student desires a good job?

• A) Input to outcome
• B) Valence
• C) Expectancy
• D) Effort to performance

According to the Michigan studies which of the following leaders were associated with higher job satisfaction and more focused on group productivity?

• A) Production oriented
• B) Initiating structure
• C) Employee oriented
• D) Consideration

In Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid Which of the following style focused on exertion of minimum efforts to get required work done and to sustain organization membership?

• A) Impoverished management
• B) Team management
• C) Task management
• D) Country club management

Which of the following best describes the steps in reinforcement process?

• A) Stimulus-Consequences-Response-Future behavior
• B) Stimulus-Response-Consequences-Future behavior
• C) Stimulus-Response-Future behavior-Consequences
• D) Response-Stimulus-Consequences-Future behavior

In Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid Which of the following style focused on needs of people and for satisfying their relationship that’s leads to pleasant atmosphere in organization?

• A) Task management
• B) Team management
• C) Impoverished management
• D) Country club management

Which of the following is the type of power a person has because of his or her position in the formal organizational hierarchy?

• A) Reward power
• B) Legitimate power
• C) Expert power
• D) Coercive power

An individual’s confidence and belief that he or she has enough capabilities to perform particular task is called:

• A) Valence
• B) Feedback
• C) Self efficacy
• D) Instrumentality

Which of the following theory states role of external factors such as rewards as they cause behavior to change or remain the same over time?

• A) Equity theory
• B) Goal setting theory
• C) Expectancy theory
• D) Reinforcement theory

According to the Michigan studies which of the following leaders were associated with lower job satisfaction and less focused on group productivity?

• A) Initiating structure
• B) Consideration
• C) Production oriented
• D) Employee oriented

In Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid which of the following style is more focused on efficiency in operations and bear minimum degree of interference of human element?

• A) Impoverished management
• B) Country club management
• C) Task management
• D) Team management

Which of the following factor considers the goals as well as recognized the needs of individuals?

• A) Valence
• B) Performance
• C) Expectancy
• D) Instrumentality

According to Herzberg, when ___________ are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied, but they also will not be satisfied.

• A) Achievement needs
• B) Power needs
• C) Affiliation needs
• D) Hygiene factors

Attempts to show the financial condition of the firm to employees to get them to think like owners of the firm are known as __________.

• A) Telecommuting
• B) Open-book management
• C) Pay-for-performance programs
• D) Work sharing arrangements

When complex decisions are required that need specialist skills then which of the following style is useful?

• A) Democratic style
• B) Behavioral style
• C) Laissez faire style
• D) Autocratic style

Which ‘expectancy theory linkage’ explains the belief that having a high grade point average is critical in obtaining a good job?

• A) Expectancy
• B) Valence
• C) Goal setting to achievement
• D) Instrumentality

According to Frederick Herzberg, intrinsic factors are related with job content and are associated with job _____.

• A) No Satisfaction
• B) No Dissatisfaction
• C) Dissatisfaction
• D) Satisfaction