Homonyms are unrelated senses of the same phonological words. E.g., lap ‘circuit of a course’ and lap ‘part of the body.”

• A) Homonyms are unrelated senses of the same phonological words. E.g., lap ‘circuit of a course’ and lap ‘part of the body.”
• B)
• C)
• D)

When the senses are judged to be related under same lexical entry. (Polysemy)

• A) Polysemy
• B)
• C)
• D)

Verbs mark the speaker’s attitude to social factors of obligation, responsibility and permission. (Deontic Modality)

• A) Deontic Modality
• B)
• C)
• D)

They express ways to influence the action or event we talk about.

• A) They express ways to influence the action or event we talk about.
• B)
• C)
• D)

It conveys a speaker’s degree of knowledge about something. (Epistemic Modality)

• A) Epistemic Modality
• B)
• C)
• D)

It is possible for you to drive this car. (Epistemic modality) and You have my permission to drive this car (Deontic modality).

• A) It is possible for you to drive this car. (Epistemic modality) and You have my permission to drive this car (Deontic modality).
• B)
• C)
• D)

They are expressed by means of modal verbs. (The Expression of Modality)

• A) The Expression of Modality
• B)
• C)
• D)

modal verbs with the same function as modal verbs are: Sarah had to leave early. Maya will be able to speak Spanish soon. (Examples of non)

• A) Examples of non
• B)
• C)
• D)

Adverbs, nouns, adjectives that indicate modality are especially certainty, possibility, or probability. E.g., Perhaps it will rain. Maya is probably at home now.

• A) Adverbs, nouns, adjectives that indicate modality are especially certainty, possibility, or probability. E.g., Perhaps it will rain. Maya is probably at home now.
• B)
• C)
• D)

It allows a speaker to communicate her attitude to the source of her/his information and to check whether the evidence exists for the statement and/or what kind of evidence exists (McLendon, 2003). (Evidentiality)

• A) Evidentiality
• B)
• C)
• D)

I saw him breaking the window. (Witness Evidentiality)

• A) Witness Evidentiality
• B)
• C)
• D)

It smells like they are having a barbecue here. (Sensory Evidentiality)

• A) Sensory Evidentiality
• B)
• C)
• D)

You must be very tired after a long journey. (Inferential Evidentiality)

• A) Inferential Evidentiality
• B)
• C)
• D)

The jeweler was the criminal, allegedly. (Reportative Evidentiality)

• A) Reportative Evidentiality
• B)
• C)
• D)

I think that he will go to seaside on this beautiful day. (Assumed Evidentiality)

• A) Assumed Evidentiality
• B)
• C)
• D)

The process of creating one lexeme from another is called ______.

• A) Inflection
• B) derivation
• C) borrowing
• D) splitting

Primary affixes in English are often of Latin-Romance origin, while secondary affixes are often of native ______ origin.

• A) French
• B) Spanish
• C) Germanic
• D) Latin

The phenomenon whereby a language becomes intolerant of useless elements and speakers reanalyze them as having a new role is called ______.

• A) linguistic exaptation
• B) language death
• C) language shift
• D) linguistic endangerment

The process of creating a new word by truncation of an existing one is known as ______.

• A) Blending
• B) Compounding
• C) Clipping
• D) Inflection

______ deals with restrictions in a language on the permissible combinations of phonemes.

• A) Phonotactics
• B) Phonetics
• C) Morphophonetics
• D) Semantics