In semantic analysis, there is always an attempt to focus on what the words conventionally mean, rather than on what an individual speaker might want hearer to mean on a particular occasion.

• A) In semantic analysis, there is always an attempt to focus on what the words conventionally mean, rather than on what an individual speaker might want hearer to mean on a particular occasion.
• B)
• C)
• D)

From the Greek, ‘sign’. The term semantics was coined by French linguist Michel Bréal (1832-1915), who is commonly regarded as the founder of modern semantics. (Etymology)

• A) Etymology
• B)
• C)
• D)

It focuses on the relation between signifiers, e.g., words, phrases, signs, and symbols, and what they stand for, their denotation.

• A) It focuses on the relation between signifiers, e.g., words, phrases, signs, and symbols, and what they stand for, their denotation.
• B)
• C)
• D)

It also tries to understand what meaning is as an element of language and how it is constructed by language as well as interpreted, obscured, and negotiated by speakers and listeners of language. (Semantics)

• A) Semantics
• B)
• C)
• D)

Semantics is closely linked with another sub discipline of linguistics ‘Pragmatics.’

• A) Semantics is closely linked with another sub discipline of linguistics ‘Pragmatics.’
• B)
• C)
• D)

However, unlike pragmatics, semantics is a highly theoretical research perspective, and looks at meaning in language in isolation, whereas pragmatics is a more practical subject and is interested in meaning in language in use.

• A) However, unlike pragmatics, semantics is a highly theoretical research perspective, and looks at meaning in language in isolation, whereas pragmatics is a more practical subject and is interested in meaning in language in use.
• B)
• C)
• D)

The study of meaning within a linguistic system e.g., words and sentences. (Semantics)

• A) Semantics
• B)
• C)
• D)

The study of signs and symbols, not necessarily linguistic. (Semiotics)

• A) Semiotics
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• D)

Iconic sign physically resembles what it stands for (e.g., a picture). (Signs are of three types)

• A) Signs are of three types
• B)
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An indexical sign is related with some sensory feature (something directly visible, audible, etc.)

• A) An indexical sign is related with some sensory feature (something directly visible, audible, etc.)
• B)
• C)
• D)

Symbolic signs have no relation with what they refer to.

• A) Symbolic signs have no relation with what they refer to.
• B)
• C)
• D)

The relation between signifier and signified is purely conventional and culturally specific, e.g., most words.

• A) The relation between signifier and signified is purely conventional and culturally specific, e.g., most words.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Lexical Semantics deals with the meaning of individual words.

• A) Lexical Semantics deals with the meaning of individual words.
• B)
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• D)

Theories of Meaning

• A) Theories of Meaning
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Meaning is reference to facts or objects in the world. (Referential Theory of Meaning)

• A) Referential Theory of Meaning
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• C)
• D)

The ideational theory takes speaker’s meaning as fundamental. It assumes that meaning is attached to, but separable from words, because it originates somewhere else, namely in the mind, in the form of ideas. (Ideational Theory of Meaning)

• A) Ideational Theory of Meaning
• B)
• C)
• D)

Mentalistic, Cognitive and Conceptual Theories of Meaning: They deal with speakers’ psychological grasp of the meaning, of expressions of their language; rather than with the relation between the expression and the possible worlds.

• A) Mentalistic, Cognitive and Conceptual Theories of Meaning: They deal with speakers’ psychological grasp of the meaning, of expressions of their language; rather than with the relation between the expression and the possible worlds.
• B)
• C)
• D)

A mode of graded categorization in cognitive science. Where some members of a category are more central than others. (Prototype Theory of Meaning)

• A) Prototype Theory of Meaning
• B)
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One way in which the study of basic conceptual meaning might be helpful, would be as a means of accounting for the “oddness” (Semantic Features)

• A) Semantic Features
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• D)

Meaning of linguistic expressions derives from TWO sources:

• A) Meaning of linguistic expressions derives from TWO sources:
• B)
• C)
• D)