Place of Articulation is the place where the air flow will be more or less obstructed.

• A) Place of Articulation is the place where the air flow will be more or less obstructed.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Manner is concerned with the nature of the obstruction.

• A) Manner is concerned with the nature of the obstruction.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Speech sounds produced by the air pushed out by the lungs up through the trachea (or windpipe) to the larynx.

• A) Speech sounds produced by the air pushed out by the lungs up through the trachea (or windpipe) to the larynx.
• B)
• C)
• D)

In short, sounds which are produced with vocal fold vibration are said to be ‘voiced’ sounds.

• A) In short, sounds which are produced with vocal fold vibration are said to be ‘voiced’ sounds.
• B)
• C)
• D)

The sounds which are produced without such vibration are called ‘voiceless’ sounds. E.g., the sound of [s] in the word ‘miss’.

• A) The sounds which are produced without such vibration are called ‘voiceless’ sounds. E.g., the sound of [s] in the word ‘miss’.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Once the air has passed through the larynx, it comes up and out through the mouth and/or the nose.

• A) Once the air has passed through the larynx, it comes up and out through the mouth and/or the nose.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Most consonant sounds are produced by using the tongue and other parts of the mouth to constrict in some way and the shape of the oral cavity, through which the air passes, is modified.

• A) Most consonant sounds are produced by using the tongue and other parts of the mouth to constrict in some way and the shape of the oral cavity, through which the air passes, is modified.
• B)
• C)
• D)

The terms used to describe many sounds in phonetics are those which denote the place of articulation of the sound.

• A) The terms used to describe many sounds in phonetics are those which denote the place of articulation of the sound.
• B)
• C)
• D)

It has to do with the kind of obstruction the air meets on its way out.

• A) It has to do with the kind of obstruction the air meets on its way out.
• B)
• C)
• D)

a complete closure (plosives),

• A) a complete closure (plosives),
• B)
• C)
• D)

an almost complete closure (fricatives a smaller degree of closure (approximants).

• A) an almost complete closure (fricatives a smaller degree of closure (approximants).
• B)
• C)
• D)

The obstruents are plosives, fricatives and affricates, all sounds with a high degree of obstruction.

• A) The obstruents are plosives, fricatives and affricates, all sounds with a high degree of obstruction.
• B)
• C)
• D)

Obstruents usually come in pairs, one voiceless, one voiced, e.g., [p/b, t/d].

• A) Obstruents usually come in pairs, one voiceless, one voiced, e.g., [p/b, t/d].
• B)
• C)
• D)

Sonorants have much less obstruction and are all voiced and, therefore, more sonorous.

• A) Sonorants have much less obstruction and are all voiced and, therefore, more sonorous.
• B)
• C)
• D)

They include nasals, the lateral, and approximants.

• A) They include nasals, the lateral, and approximants.
• B)
• C)
• D)

A vowel is a type of sound for which there is no closure of the throat or mouth at any point where vocalization occurs.

• A) A vowel is a type of sound for which there is no closure of the throat or mouth at any point where vocalization occurs.
• B)
• C)
• D)

For close vowels, the tongue is quite high in the mouth, for mid vowels, the tongue is neither high nor low in the mouth, whereas for open vowels, the tongue is low in the mouth.

• A) For close vowels, the tongue is quite high in the mouth, for mid vowels, the tongue is neither high nor low in the mouth, whereas for open vowels, the tongue is low in the mouth.
• B)
• C)
• D)

English has a large number of vowel sounds which may have quite different lengths in different contexts. Short vowels are only relatively short.

• A) English has a large number of vowel sounds which may have quite different lengths in different contexts. Short vowels are only relatively short.
• B)
• C)
• D)

There are five long vowels; these are the vowels which tend to be longer than the short vowels in similar contexts.

• A) There are five long vowels; these are the vowels which tend to be longer than the short vowels in similar contexts.
• B)
• C)
• D)

It is necessary to say "in similar contexts" because the length of all English vowels sounds varies according to their context and the presence or absence of stress.

• A) It is necessary to say "in similar contexts" because the length of all English vowels sounds varies according to their context and the presence or absence of stress.
• B)
• C)
• D)